前言
一、同步隊(duì)列的結(jié)構(gòu)與實(shí)現(xiàn)1、同步隊(duì)列的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)介紹AQS使用的同步隊(duì)列是基于一種CLH鎖算法來實(shí)現(xiàn)(引用網(wǎng)上資料對CLH簡單介紹):
而在源碼中也有這樣的介紹: /** * Wait queue node class. * * <p>The wait queue is a variant of a "" (Craig, Landin, and * Hagersten) lock queue. CLH locks are normally used for * spinlocks. * ........... * <p>To enqueue into a CLH lock, you atomically splice it in as new * tail. To dequeue, you just set the head field. * <pre> * +------+ prev +-----+ +-----+ * head | | <---- | | <---- | | tail * +------+ +-----+ +-----+ * </pre> * .............. 在AQS中的同步隊(duì)列結(jié)構(gòu)以及獲取/釋放鎖都是基于此實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這里我們先放一個(gè)我畫的基本結(jié)構(gòu)來理解AQS同步隊(duì)列,再進(jìn)一步介紹一些細(xì)節(jié)。 根據(jù)以上圖我們看到:
在源碼中我們可以看到: // 內(nèi)部類Node節(jié)點(diǎn)static final class Node{...}// 同步隊(duì)列的head引用private transient volatile Node head;// 同步隊(duì)列的tail引用private transient volatile Node tail; (2)節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)成那么Node結(jié)構(gòu)的具體構(gòu)成是什么呢?我們具體看內(nèi)部類Node的源碼: static final class Node {/** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in shared mode */static final Node SHARED = new Node();/** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in exclusive mode */static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;/** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */static final int CANCELLED = 1;/** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */static final int SIGNAL = -1;/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */static final int CONDITION = -2;/** * waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should * unconditionally propagate */static final int PROPAGATE = -3;/** 等待狀態(tài): * 0 INITAIL: 初始狀態(tài) * 1 CANCELLED: 由于等待超時(shí)或者被中斷,需要從同步隊(duì)列中取消等待,節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)入該狀態(tài)不會(huì)被改變 * -1 SIGNAL: 當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)釋放同步狀態(tài)或被取消,則等待狀態(tài)的后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)被通知 * -2 CONDITION: 節(jié)點(diǎn)在等待隊(duì)列中,線程在Condition上,需要其它線程調(diào)用Condition的signal()方法才能從等待隊(duì)轉(zhuǎn)移到同步隊(duì)列 * -3 PROPAGATE: 表示下一個(gè)共享式同步狀態(tài)將會(huì)無條件被傳播下去 */volatile int waitStatus;/** 前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn) */volatile Node prev;/** 后繼節(jié)點(diǎn) */volatile Node next; /** 獲取同步狀態(tài)的線程 */volatile Thread thread;/** 等待隊(duì)列中的后繼節(jié)點(diǎn) */Node nextWaiter; /** 判斷Node是否是共享模式 */final boolean isShared() {return nextWaiter == SHARED; } /** 返回前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn) */final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException { Node p = prev;if (p == null)throw new NullPointerException();elsereturn p; } Node() { // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker } Node(Thread thread, Node mode) { // Used by addWaiterthis.nextWaiter = mode;this.thread = thread; } Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Conditionthis.waitStatus = waitStatus;this.thread = thread; } } 從源碼中可以發(fā)現(xiàn):同步隊(duì)列中的節(jié)點(diǎn)Node用來保存獲取同步狀態(tài)失敗的線程引用、等待狀態(tài)以及前驅(qū)和后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)。 節(jié)點(diǎn)是構(gòu)成同步隊(duì)列的基礎(chǔ),沒有成功獲取同步狀態(tài)的線程將成為節(jié)點(diǎn)加入該隊(duì)列的尾部。當(dāng)一個(gè)線程無法獲取同步狀態(tài)時(shí),會(huì)被構(gòu)造成節(jié)點(diǎn)并加入同步隊(duì)列中,通過CAS保證設(shè)置尾節(jié)點(diǎn)這一步是線程安全的,此時(shí)才能認(rèn)為當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)(線程)成功加入同步隊(duì)列與尾節(jié)點(diǎn)建立聯(lián)系。具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)邏輯請看下面介紹! 2、同步狀態(tài)獲取與釋放(1)獨(dú)占式同步狀態(tài)獲取與釋放通過調(diào)用同步器acquire(int arg)方法可以獲取同步狀態(tài),該方法中斷不敏感,也就是由于線程獲取同步狀態(tài)失敗后進(jìn)入同步隊(duì)列中,后序線程對進(jìn)行中斷操作時(shí),線程不會(huì)從同步隊(duì)列中移出 public final void acquire(int arg) {if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)) selfInterrupt(); } 同步狀態(tài)獲取主要的流程步驟: 1)首先調(diào)用自定義同步器實(shí)現(xiàn)tryAcquire(int arg)方法,該方法保證線程安全的獲取同步狀態(tài)。 2)如果獲取失敗則構(gòu)造同步節(jié)點(diǎn)(獨(dú)占式Node.EXCLUSIVE)并通過addWaiter(Node ndoe)方法將該節(jié)點(diǎn)加入到同步隊(duì)列的尾部,同時(shí)enq(node)通過for(;;)循環(huán)保證安全設(shè)置尾節(jié)點(diǎn)。 private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {// 根據(jù)給定模式構(gòu)造NodeNode node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failureNode pred = tail; // 嘗試在尾部添加if (pred != null) { node.prev = pred;// cas方式保證正確添加尾節(jié)點(diǎn)if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) { pred.next = node;return node; } }// enq主要是通過for(;;)死循環(huán)來確保節(jié)點(diǎn)正確添加// 在for(;;)死循環(huán)中,通過cas將節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)置為尾節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí),才返回;否則一直嘗試設(shè)置 enq(node);return node; } private Node enq(final Node node) {for (;;) { Node t = tail;if (t == null) { // Must initialize 當(dāng)tail節(jié)點(diǎn)為null時(shí),必須初始化構(gòu)造好 head節(jié)點(diǎn)if (compareAndSetHead(new Node())) tail = head; } else { // 否則就通過cas開始添加尾節(jié)點(diǎn)node.prev = t;if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) { t.next = node;return t; } } } } 假設(shè)原隊(duì)列中存在Node-1到Node-4節(jié)點(diǎn),此時(shí)某個(gè)線程獲取同步狀態(tài)失敗則構(gòu)成成Node-5通過CAS方式加入隊(duì)列(下圖忽略自旋環(huán)節(jié))。 3)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)入同步隊(duì)列之后“自旋”,即acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg)方法,在這個(gè)方法中,當(dāng)前node死循環(huán)嘗試獲取鎖狀態(tài),但是只有node的前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)是Head才能嘗試獲取同步狀態(tài),獲取成功之后立即設(shè)置當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)為Head,并成功返回。否則就會(huì)一直自旋。 final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {boolean failed = true;try {boolean interrupted = false;for (;;) {final Node p = node.predecessor();// 當(dāng)前node節(jié)點(diǎn)的前驅(qū)是Head時(shí)(p == head),才能有資格去嘗試獲取同步狀態(tài)(tryAcquire(arg))// 這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)的前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)獲得同步狀態(tài),才能喚醒后繼節(jié)點(diǎn),即當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) { // 以上條件滿足之后setHead(node); // 設(shè)置當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)為Headp.next = null; // help GC // 釋放ndoe的前驅(qū)節(jié)點(diǎn)failed = false;return interrupted; }// 線程被中斷或者前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)被釋放,則繼續(xù)進(jìn)入檢查:p == head && tryAcquire(argif (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&parkAndCheckInterrupt()) interrupted = true; } } finally {if (failed) cancelAcquire(node); } } 此時(shí)新加入的Node-5節(jié)點(diǎn)也開始自旋,此時(shí)的Head(Node-1)已經(jīng)獲取到了同步狀態(tài),而Node-2退出了自旋,成為了新的Head。 文字總結(jié): 1)同步器會(huì)維護(hù)一個(gè)雙向FIFO隊(duì)列,獲取同步失敗的線程將會(huì)被構(gòu)造成Node加入隊(duì)尾(并且做自旋檢查:檢查前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)是否是Head); 2)當(dāng)前線程想要獲得同步狀態(tài),前提是其前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)是頭結(jié)點(diǎn),并且獲得了同步狀態(tài); 3)當(dāng)Head調(diào)用release(int arg)釋放鎖的同時(shí)會(huì)喚醒后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)(即當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)),后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)結(jié)束自旋 流程圖總結(jié): 同步器的release方法:釋放鎖的同時(shí),喚醒后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)(進(jìn)而時(shí)后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)重新獲取同步狀態(tài)) public final boolean release(int arg) {if (tryRelease(arg)) { Node h = head;if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)// 該方法會(huì)喚醒Head節(jié)點(diǎn)的后繼節(jié)點(diǎn),使其重試嘗試獲取同步狀態(tài) unparkSuccessor(h);return true; }return false; } UnparkSuccessor(Node node)方法使用LookSupport(LockSupport.unpark)喚醒處于等待狀態(tài)的線程(之后會(huì)慢慢看源碼介紹)。 (2)共享式同步狀態(tài)獲取與釋放共享鎖跟獨(dú)占式鎖最大的不同就是:某一時(shí)刻有多個(gè)線程同時(shí)獲取到同步狀態(tài),獲取判斷是否獲取同步狀態(tài)成功的關(guān)鍵,獲取到的同步狀態(tài)要大于等于0。而其他步驟基本都是一致的,還是從源碼開始分析起:帶后綴Share都為共享式同步方法。 1)acquireShared(int arg)獲取同步狀態(tài):如果獲取失敗則加入隊(duì)尾,并且檢查是否具備退出自旋的條件(前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)是頭結(jié)點(diǎn)并且能成功獲取同步狀態(tài)) public final void acquireShared(int arg) {// tryAcquireShared 獲取同步狀態(tài),大于0才是獲取狀態(tài)成功,否則就是失敗if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)// 獲取狀態(tài)失敗則構(gòu)造共享Node,加入隊(duì)列;// 并且檢查是否具備退出自旋的條件:即preNode為head,并且能獲取到同步狀態(tài) doAcquireShared(arg); } 2)doAcquireShared(arg):獲取失敗的Node加入隊(duì)列,如果當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)的前驅(qū)結(jié)點(diǎn)是頭結(jié)點(diǎn)的話,嘗試獲取同步狀態(tài),如果大于等于0則在for(;;)中退出(退出自旋)。 private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {// 構(gòu)造共享模式的Nodefinal Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);boolean failed = true;try {boolean interrupted = false;for (;;) {final Node p = node.predecessor();if (p == head) {int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);// 前驅(qū)節(jié)點(diǎn)是頭結(jié)點(diǎn),并且能獲取狀態(tài)成功,則return返回,退出死循環(huán)(自旋)if (r >= 0) { setHeadAndPropagate(node, r); p.next = null; // help GCif (interrupted) selfInterrupt(); failed = false;return; } }if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&parkAndCheckInterrupt()) interrupted = true; } } finally {if (failed) cancelAcquire(node); } } 3)releaseShared(int arg):釋放同步狀態(tài),通過loop+CAS方式釋放多個(gè)線程的同步狀態(tài)。 public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {// 通過loop+CAS方式釋放多個(gè)線程的同步狀態(tài) doReleaseShared();return true; }return false; } 二、自定義同步組件(實(shí)現(xiàn)Lock,內(nèi)部類Sync繼承AQS)1、實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)不可重入的互斥鎖Mutex 2、實(shí)現(xiàn)指定共享數(shù)量的共享鎖MyShareLock |
|