高考英語語法專題講與練?專題五  連詞

一、連詞的用法歸納

二、連詞的使用難點與易錯點歸納

因為連詞的種類非常多，有并列連詞（連接并列句），有從屬連詞（引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句），而從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句又可分為三類：定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句。尤其應(yīng)注意的是有些連詞可引導(dǎo)不止一種從句，具有多重功能，這往往是學(xué)習(xí)的難點，也是易混點。

難點回顧：

1. as可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句以及定語從句。

[誤] Whichyou can see, he is always ready to help others.

[正] Asyou can see, he is always ready to help others.

解析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，當(dāng)“正像/正如”講。

[誤] Do likeI told you.

[正] Do asI told you.

解析：like是介詞；as是連詞，在這里作“按照”講，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。

[誤] He was reading then he was walking.

[正] He was reading as he was walking.

解析：as強調(diào)兩個動作同時進(jìn)行，作“一邊……一邊……”講。

[誤] As he is young, he knows a lot.

[正] Young as he is, he knows a lot.

解析：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句應(yīng)用倒裝語序，應(yīng)把表語提前。

2. that可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等。

[誤] You don’t like him is none of my business.

[正] Thatyou don’t like him is none of my business.

解析：that引導(dǎo)主語從句，本身無實際意義，但不能省略。

[誤] The thief handed everything which he had stolen to the police.

[正] The thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

解析：everything是不定代詞，因此后面的定語從句只能由that引導(dǎo)。

[誤] I am happy asyou passed the exam.

[正] I am happy thatyou passed the exam.

解析：that在形容詞后面引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能用as。

3. where可引導(dǎo)多種從句，如定語從句、狀語從句以及名詞性從句。

[誤] Go to find your watch. It’s there where you left it.

[正] Go to find your watch. It’s where you left it.

解析：where引導(dǎo)表語從句，相當(dāng)于at the place where。

[誤] The place wherethere is water, there is life.

[正] Wherethere is water, there is life.

解析：where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。

[誤] I can’t remember in which place I met him.

[正] I can’t remember where I met him.

解析：where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能用in which。

4. what可引導(dǎo)感嘆句、特殊疑問句、名詞性從句等。

[誤] Howan interesting story he told us!

[正] Whatan interesting story he told us!

解析：What an interesting story！= How interesting a story！

[誤] I can’t remember the thing what he told me.

[正] I can’t remember what he told me.

解析：what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，相當(dāng)于the thing that。

5. no matter + what/who...與whatever/whoever...的區(qū)別：前者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而后者既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。

[誤] I will make friends with no matter who shares my interest.

[正] I will make friends with whoever shares my interest.

解析：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用whoever。

[誤] You must hand in no matter what you’ve found.

[正] You must hand in whatever you’ve found.

解析：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用whatever。

6. whether和if的區(qū)別：兩者引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時都是從屬連詞，作“是否”講，本身不作成分，此時句子中往往出現(xiàn)表示“不肯定”意義的一些短語，如not sure/certain, not known/decided, ...is still question, depend on等。whether和if引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句時可互換，但下列情況一般只能用whether：

(1)引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句；(2)引導(dǎo)主語從句；(3)引導(dǎo)表語從句；(4)引導(dǎo)同位語從句；(5)后面出現(xiàn)or not。

[誤] Ifyou can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

[正] Whetheryou can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.

解析：引導(dǎo)主語從句只能用whether。

三、關(guān)聯(lián)副詞

英語中有一類詞，其作用和功能與連詞有些類似，但又有區(qū)別，那就是關(guān)聯(lián)副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)副詞也是全國英語高考的考點之一，曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過幾次。這類題主要考慮前后邏輯意義的連貫，即重點考慮上下文意義的連貫，同時注意分析句中的時態(tài)等基礎(chǔ)語法現(xiàn)象和相關(guān)詞語的用法。做這類題，清楚地理解文章的來龍去脈和上下文意是最關(guān)鍵的！

1. 時間性副詞

由考查過的a few hour before/earlier可聯(lián)想到，也許會考a few hours ago (幾小時前), then minutes later (十分鐘后), afterwards (后來), the day after (次日), the day before (前一日), I had met him before (在那之前我就見過他了), than before (比以前), than ever (比以前), than ever before (比以往任何時候), since (從那時以來), ever since (從那時起到現(xiàn)在), and then (然后), till then (直到那時), by then (到那時為止), just then (就在那個時候), from then on (從那時期)等。

2. 邏輯性副詞

由考過的anyway (無論如何)可聯(lián)想到，也許會考anyhow (=anyway 無論如何、至少), however (然而), therefore (因此), thus (因此), besides (而且、還有、此外), though (可是、然而), too, also, instead等。

考點練透

1．（2022·廣東梅縣東山中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）I just sat by the window watching the passing scene ________ I caught the eye of a waiter and ordered my meal.

2．What all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, you went for the best cups and then began looking at each other’s cups. 

3．“In an era when young people are so easily attracted by superstars, Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation(吹捧), teaching kids to preserve respect the memory of their elders,” wrote reporter Peter Debruge.

4．As to acute stomachache, there is no need to have an operation; all you need to do is drinking a cup of Chinese herbs, ___the western way takes more time and money.

5．Around 7:30 a.m., she was lying on her surfboard with her left arm in the water___a 14-foot-long tiger shark attacked her, severing her left arm just below the shoulder.

6．In China, the question is not “What shall I have?”__“What shall we have?”. Food is ordered to share with others, not just for oneself. 

7．（2022·廣東梅縣東山中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________another man, also intelligent, fails.

8．But the river wasn’t changed in a few days _____ even a few months. It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.

9．People can either give them as gifts to their friends __________hang them in their own homes.

10．The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem ________it’s really an engineering one.

11．Persistent people begin their success ________ others end in failure.

12．________you can learn to appreciate the challenges in life, you will find inner strength.

13．There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __________some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

14．（2019新課標(biāo)II卷）Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, _________because I want to.”

15．（2021年浙江卷）Although Mary loved flowers, __________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener.

16．（2022.上海二模）A loaf of homemade bread has simple ingredients such as flour, water, salt and sugar. ________you make it yourself, you have control over your ingredients.

17．（2022·江西·模擬預(yù)測）The giant panda typically lives around 15-20 years in the wild and above 30 years in captivity. Considering one year for a giant panda is equal to three ________four years for a human being in terms of ageing, she was over 100 in the human standard.

18．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·呼和浩特市教育教學(xué)研究中心一模）Enjoying ________ total investment of 31.17 billion yuan, the train will travel as fast as 300 km/h, ________the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes.

19．（2022年新高考I卷）...After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ______ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產(chǎn))for future generations”.

20．（2022年全國乙卷） The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(發(fā)布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ______ cultural exchanges.

21．The Renaissance was over________it was time for a new era -- the Age of Reason.

22．Many tech firms ________ startups demand of people to work nearly double — or more —the number of hours in a typical work week.

23．I found the contact information of the company________ emailed its president.

24．Our food supply depends on climate________ weather conditions. Agricultural practices may be adaptable, but changes like increased temperatures, water stress, diseases, and weather extremes create challenges for the farmers who put food on our tables.

25．Through Friday’s opening ceremony, people can clearly see China’s pursuit of building a peaceful world, its reflection of the new Olympic motto of “Faster, Higher, Stronger-Together” ________ the Beijing Winter Games’ motto of“Together for a Shared Future”.

26．The same goes for natural fibers; this xkw quality counts, of course, ________ it is less important if you throw away clothes within a few months from time of purchase. The most important thing is to make them last.

27．There are three wombat species (species). Northern and southern wombats have furry noses, ________ common wombats have bare skin on noses.

28．She was excited about her new role ________ soon realized that managing her new team would be a challenge.

29．________ a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.

30．The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ______ I could ask for their names.

31．I had just arrived at the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

32．We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ________did the job.

33．It was the middle of the night________my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

34．He is a shy man________he is not afraid of anything or anyone.

35．It must be five o’clock now, ________the birds are singing.

36．Let's keep to the point, ________we will never reach any decision.

37．In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. ________ they make our life more convenient, this can come at a cost for them.

38．It was estimated that about 500 million people ________ one-third of the world's population of that time became infected with this virus.

39．We ______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job.

40．________you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.

41．It’s also that they are on average healthier ________ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.

42．Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ________ discusses the influences they have on everyday life.

43．________ he worked very hard, he didn’t finish the task on time.

44．I don’t really like the author, ________ I have to admit that his books are very interesting.

45．It is for this reason______________ Spanish is the main official language of Peru.

46．（2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí)）Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his ________ her paragraph aloud.

47．（2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí)）I have grown not only physically, ________ also mentally in the past few years.

48．（2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí)）Suddenly a football fell just in front of me ________ almost hit me.

49．（2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí)）Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ________ that they get sweet enough to be eaten.

50．（2022·浙江·高三專題練習(xí)）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, ________ once I started the car, my mind went blank.

51．________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.

52．Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.

53．_________ some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.

54．I have never been to Rome________that's the city I'd most like to visit.

55．The young man wanted to help the dog，________as he approached, the dog started to bark.

56．They quickly gave me the gun________asked me if I had heard the tiger.

57．I was afraid that the horse would knock into me，________it did not.

58．Some animals, like people, eat both plants________animals.

59．He overcame many difficulties, ________he was not fortunate enough.

60．You might win big money, ________most people lose a lot of money!

61．Life isn't perfect and it's always hard, ________ we need reminders in our life from friends, authors, bloggers, pastors or our inner spirits to refocus on the things that matter and make us live positively.

62．Some people are able to lose weight on high-protein diets in the short-term but this weight loss is not due to eating more animal protein, ________ simply due to consuming fewer calories.

63．They serve as an important driving force for local economic and social development, while acting as a bridge between Quanzhou ________ the wider world.

64．Therefore, it is advisable________you should value and treat them with care.

65．I worry about________he can pass through the crisis of his illness.

66．Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years.I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.”

67．（2021·吉林·長春博碩學(xué)校高三開學(xué)考試）Good news never goes beyond the gate, ________ bad news spreads far and wide.

68．（2021·吉林·長春博碩學(xué)校高三階段練習(xí)）Both started the same ________ ended differently. Why? Because of how you reacted.

69．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places.

70．（2019·黑龍江·雙鴨山一中高三期末）Americans use a flashlight,__________ for the British, it's a torch.

71．I used to get high marks in English, ________ now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.

72．I thought you’d be late for the concert, ________ ended up getting there ahead of time.

73．George got excellent grades and was admitted into both Harvard and Yale, but he decided to go to Stanford ______ there were many opportunities for people that wanted to work in Silicon Valley.

74．It will be often a long time ______your friend fully removes that memory，so don't be disappointed if it doesn't happen immediately.

75．We might also try to use various cooking methods, either by adding some fat, sweetness, strong flavors like garlic _________roasting them, to improve the taste of the vegetables.

76．Shanghai is a window into a China that is open to the world. Shanghai is the place where East meets West, ________ where China meets the world.

77．It’s also that they are on average healthier ________ more productive for longer.

78．I work not because I have to, ________ because I want to.

79．Sure I have gone through many unpleasant phases of life, ________ with the positive attitude I walked through them and later found al1 those phases were blessings in disguise.

80．According to statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose ________ five to nine year olds came to the hospital with something in their ear the most.

81．I attended a birthday party in 1991. My teacher was then 59 years old. ________Her fellow teacher said that we celebrating her 39^th birthday!

82．Finally, he asked the princess to make a choice: either marry the Rainbow Prince, settle down and give up dancing, ________be put into prison for life at the North Pole of the earth.

83．After the Civil War, Clara traveled to Europe to rest. _________that did not last long.

84．Whether you simply go for a long walk in the park, ride your bicycle through the countryside ________go to the gym, getting your body moving will not only make you feel more energetic, but will also improve your overall health.

85．The 42,000 square-meter railway station is shaped like a dewdrop (水滴)on a lotus leaf ________ is covered with photovoltaic materials. It's reported that the materials can generate about 5.8 million kilowatt- hours of electricity for the station, saving about 1,800 tonnes of coal.

86．The race started in Langfang, near the Chinese capital Beijing, ________ended in Shanghai.

87．He actually even prayed for a family while they were here in reference to their house being OK when they got back, ________ that was really tear-dropping.

88．Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.

89．Before you travel, you can either look up relevant information in your local public library ________ check out a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit in a bookstore.

90．Kaur and her 81-year-old son and trainer, Gurdev Singh, were invited for two weeks to several universities, ________ their methods made such an improvement in the students' performance that they were asked to stay through September.

91．Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens ________ they walk in the street, causing accidents.

92．But to make it clear, adventure holidays don’t have to be about pushing yourself to your physical limit –things like visiting the South Pole, ________ hiking in a desert.

93．My bike was old and shaky ________ did the job.

94．________ I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.

95．All the photographs in this book, ______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.

96．You are saying that everyone should be equal, ______ this is where I disagree.

97．Tom was shocked to realise the two-month summer vacation had passed ______ he knew it.

98．After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. I waited patiently ______ the oil was hot.

99．Think it over and let me know ________ you agree with me.

100．________ you had paid more attention to your study, you would have passed the exam.

參考答案：

1．until【詳解】考查連接詞。句意：我坐在窗邊看著來往的場景，直到我看到服務(wù)員然后點了餐。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)使用連詞，此處表達(dá)“直到我看到服務(wù)員然后點了餐”，后接until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，until意為“直到……為止”。故填until。

2．but##yet【詳解】考查連詞。句意：你們真正想要的是咖啡，而不是杯子，但你們選擇了最好的杯子，然后開始看著對方的杯子。前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，用but或yet，故填but/yet。

3．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：記者彼得·迪布吉寫道:“在這個年輕人很容易被超級明星吸引的時代，《尋夢傳奇》揭示了這種吹捧的空虛，教給孩子們銘記并尊重與老人們的回憶。”根據(jù)空格前的動詞preserve和空格后的動詞respect可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個連詞連接兩個動詞。故填and。

4．while【詳解】考查連詞。句意：對于急性胃痛，不需要手術(shù)；你所需要做的就是喝一杯中草藥，而西方的方式則需要更多的時間和金錢。分析句子可知，空格前后是兩個并列的句子，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入一個并列連詞，用來對比前后兩種不同治療胃痛的方法。故填while。

5．when【詳解】考查連詞。句意：早上7點半左右，她躺在沖浪板上，左臂浸在水里，這時一條14英尺長的虎鯊襲擊了她，將她的左臂從肩部以下咬斷。be doing...when...正在做某事的時候，這時突然……。故填when。

6．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：在中國，問題不是“我要吃什么？”而是“我們吃什么？”食物要與他人分享，而不是只給自己。此處為短語not...but...表示“不是……而是……”，故填but。

7．while【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們無法知道為什么一個人有了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，而另一個同樣聰明的人卻失敗了。分析句子，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫連詞，前后句表示的是對比關(guān)系。while意為“然而”。故用while。

8．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：但是這條河并沒有在幾天或甚至幾個月內(nèi)發(fā)生變化。經(jīng)過多年的努力，減少了工業(yè)污染，清潔了水源。句中a few days和a few months為選擇關(guān)系，需用連詞or連接。根據(jù)句意，故填or。

9．or【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：人們可以把它們作為禮物送給朋友，也可以把它們掛在自己家里。either...or...是固定搭配，意為“或者……或者……”，故填or。

10．when【詳解】考查連詞。句意為：關(guān)于全球氣候變暖的討論已經(jīng)變成了一個道德范疇的問題，然而實際上它真的只是一個工程上的問題。結(jié)合語意，it’s really an engineering one與前面的it has become a moral problem之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且設(shè)空處前沒有逗號，所以此處應(yīng)用when表轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”。故填when。

11．where【詳解】考查連詞。句意：持之以恒的人們在他人失敗之處開啟他們成功的旅程。結(jié)合句意“在……的地方”可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞where表示“在……的地方”。故填where。

12．When##If【詳解】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)/如果你能學(xué)著去感激生活中的挑戰(zhàn)時，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的內(nèi)在力量。結(jié)合語意，該句闡述的是一個觀點，此時可用連詞when或if引導(dǎo)，表示“當(dāng)……時”或者如果.......。句首字母要大寫。故填When或If。

13．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：有許多人在公共汽車站等車，其中一些人看起來非常焦慮和失望。and連接兩個句子，表示順承關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩句之間需連詞相連接，通過前后句意關(guān)系，many people waiting和looked very anxious判斷，屬并列關(guān)系。故填and。

14．but【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：艾琳說:“我認(rèn)為沒有任何理由放棄工作。我工作不是因為我必須工作，而是因為我想工作?！备鶕?jù)句意及所給句子可知，此處是固定搭配not...but...“不是……而是……”。故填but。

15．neither【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：雖然瑪麗喜歡花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的園丁。根據(jù)句意可知，此處考查連詞結(jié)構(gòu)“neither…nor…”，意為“既不……也不……”。故填neither。

16．Since##As##Because【詳解】考查連詞。句意：一條自制面包的配料很簡單，如面粉、水、鹽和糖。既然你自己做這個面包，你可以控制配料的使用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后為主句，逗號前為連詞引導(dǎo)的從句。由句意可知，從句表示原因，主句表示結(jié)果，所以空處需填寫引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連接詞。從屬連詞because， as，since均符合題意。故答案填Since/As/Because。

17．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：野生大熊貓一般能活15-20年，圈養(yǎng)大熊貓則能活30年以上?？紤]到大熊貓的1歲相當(dāng)于人類年齡的3歲或4歲，以人類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看它超過了100歲了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查并列連詞表示“或者”的意思。故填or。

18．     a     so##and【詳解】考查冠詞以及連詞。句意：京張高鐵總投資311.7億元，最高運行速度為300公里/小時，往返兩座城市僅需40分鐘。根據(jù)空格后以輔音音素開頭的形容詞total和名詞investment，可知此處要填不定冠詞a泛指“一筆總價……的投資”，所以第一個空填a；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處前后都是句子，所以此處要填連詞；根據(jù)句意可知，前后句有因果或順承關(guān)系，所以用連詞so或者and。故填①a②so/and。

19．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意。經(jīng)過三年的試點，GPNP將于明年正式成立。GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實性和完整性，保護生物多樣性，保護生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)或子孫后代”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處無提示詞，且前后為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用and，連接三個指導(dǎo)原則 “protecting..., preserving ..., and leaving ...”。故填and。

20．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：儀式上發(fā)布的“首個國際茶日萬里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團結(jié)起來，促進(jìn)國際合作和文化交流。名詞international cooperation和cultural exchanges為并列成分，作動詞promote的賓語，應(yīng)用and連接。故填and。

21．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，是時候進(jìn)入一個新時代了——理性主義的時代?？崭袂懊妗癟he Renaissance was over”是個“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整；空格后的句子是形式主語it引導(dǎo)的句子，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，并且前后兩句描述了兩件事，所以中間加入并列連詞and來連接，表示“順接”關(guān)系。故填and。

22．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：許多科技公司和創(chuàng)業(yè)公司要求人們的工作時間幾乎是一周工作時間的兩倍甚至更多。分析句子成分可知，“demand of”在句中做謂語動詞， “tech firms”和“startups”是并列成分，都是名詞，在句中一起做主語，因此用and連接。故填and。

23．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我找到了這家公司的聯(lián)系方式，并給公司總裁發(fā)了電子郵件。由句意可知，“found”和“emailed”之間是并列關(guān)系，用and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞。故填and。

24．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們的食物供應(yīng)取決于氣候和天氣狀況。農(nóng)業(yè)實踐可能具有適應(yīng)性，但氣溫升高、水資源緊張、疾病和極端天氣等變化給為我們提供食物的農(nóng)民帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。此處climate與weather conditions為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。

25．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：通過周五的開幕式，人們可以清楚地看到中國對建設(shè)一個和平世界的追求，它反映了“更快、更高、更強——在一起”的奧林匹克新格言和北京冬奧會的座右銘“攜手共進(jìn)，共享未來”。此處為三個并列結(jié)構(gòu)一起充當(dāng)see的賓語，應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。

26．but【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：對于天然的纖維制品也是如此，質(zhì)量很重要。但是如果買了幾個月就扔掉的話，質(zhì)量就沒那么重要。分析句子可知，前一句強調(diào)品質(zhì)的重要性，后一句闡述某些條件下，質(zhì)量就變得沒那么重要，前后句屬于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。

27．while【詳解】考查連詞。句意：北方和南方的袋熊有毛茸茸的鼻子，而普通袋熊鼻子上只有裸露的皮膚。空處應(yīng)用連詞?？涨皟?nèi)容和空后內(nèi)容之間形成對比，用并列連詞while。故填while。

28．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：她對自己的新職位感到興奮，但很快意識到管理她的新團隊將是一項挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因而用but連接。故填but。

29．While##Although【詳解】考查連詞和讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然大量的美洲虎在這里生存，但它們只是這片森林食物鏈中的一員。由“a significant number of jaguars survive here”可知，句子表示“雖然大量的美洲虎在這里生存，但它們只是這片森林食物鏈中的一員”，空格處意為“雖然，盡管”，是while/although，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填While/Although。

30．before【詳解】考查從屬連詞。句意：那對年輕夫婦，還給了我丟失的錢包，我還沒來得及問他們的名字，他們就走了。根據(jù)題干，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填從屬連詞before，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。before sb could do sth，意為“在某人能做…之前，某人還沒來得及做某事”。故填before。

31．when【詳解】考查時間狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)我妻子給我打電話叫我馬上回家時，我剛到辦公室。分析句子可知，句子為時間狀語從句，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)從句，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用“when”引導(dǎo)從句，意為“當(dāng)……時”。故填when。

32．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們從南門的租車處租了自行車。我的自行車破舊搖搖晃晃，但是還是能騎行。前后句邏輯上是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but。

33．when【詳解】考查時間狀語從句和從屬連詞。句意：當(dāng)我父親叫醒我，讓我看足球比賽時是午夜。分析句子可知，句子為時間狀語從句，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)從句，句中表示“當(dāng)……時”，故應(yīng)用“when”引導(dǎo)從句。故填when。

34．but【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：他是一個害羞的人，但他不懼怕任何人和事。分析句子可知，“shy”和“he is not afraid of anything or anyone”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，需用連詞but連接。故填but。

35．for【詳解】考查連詞。句意：現(xiàn)在肯定5點鐘了，因為鳥在唱歌了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填一個連詞。后半句對前面的情況予以說明，故用并列連詞 for。故填for。

36．or##otherwise【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們還是遵守這一點吧，否則，我們做不成任何決定。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為祈使句+or/otherwise+一般將來時。or/otherwise意為“否則”。故填or/otherwise。

37．Although##Though##While【詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：在中國，無論刮風(fēng)下雨，送餐員總是在車流中奔波。雖然他們使我們的生活更方便，但他們要付出很大代價。分析句意可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句，缺少連詞，表示“盡管”的連詞有Although/Though/While。故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。

38．or【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：據(jù)估計，大約5億人或者說當(dāng)時世界人口的三分之一感染了這個病毒。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，空格前后為選擇性并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用or。故填or。

39．hired; but【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和連詞。句意：我們從南門的租賃處租了自行車。我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃，但還可以騎。分析可知，第一個空所填動詞為前句的謂語動詞，結(jié)合語境可知，用一般過去時，因此第一個空答案為“hired”；后句中，“did the job”和“was old and shaky”共用一個主語“My bike”，因此所填空應(yīng)是并列連詞，且二者之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞“but”連接。故填hired；but。

40．Unless【詳解】考查條件狀語從句。句意：除非你能睡好，否則一兩個晚上之后，你就不能集中注意力、做好規(guī)劃和保持積極性。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是條件狀語從句，unless意為“除非，如果不”符合句意，句首大寫。故填Unless。

41．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：這也意味著他們平均來說更健康，工作效率更高。因此，他們可以工作更長時間，消費更多，總的來說對經(jīng)濟是一種促進(jìn)。本空前后都為形容詞的比較級，結(jié)合句意可知，healthier和more productive為并列關(guān)系，用連詞and連接。故填and。

42．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：該系列中的每一卷都探討了廣泛的材料，解釋了數(shù)字系統(tǒng)主要應(yīng)用的基本概念，并討論了它們對日常生活的影響。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知，空處和上文explores ，explains為并列關(guān)系，所以用連詞and，故答案為and。

43．Although##Though【詳解】考查連詞。句意：雖然他工作非常努力，但是他還是沒有按時完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要表示“雖然”的意思的連詞連接兩個句子，上下文構(gòu)成讓步狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。故填A(yù)lthough/Though。

44．a(chǎn)lthough##though【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我并不是真的喜歡這個作者，可是我不得不承認(rèn)他的書很有意思。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思的連詞，連接兩個句子，although/though位于句中間時，表示“然而，可是”的意思，構(gòu)成讓步狀語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。故填although/though。

45．that【詳解】考查強調(diào)句。句意：就因為這個原因，西班牙語是秘魯?shù)闹饕俜秸Z言。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，空處應(yīng)填連詞that。此處為強調(diào)句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用“It's...that...”。被強調(diào)部分為介詞短語for this reason。故填that。

【點睛】

46．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：每個人都沉默了，等著看誰會被要求大聲朗讀他或她的段落。根據(jù)語境可知his與her是選擇關(guān)系，故填or。

47．but【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：在過去的幾年里，我不僅在身體上，而且在思想上都成長了。   此處表示“在過去幾年里，我不僅身體上成長了，思想上也成長了”。not only ... but also ...不僅……而且……，為并列連詞，故填but。

48．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：突然一個足球落在我前邊并且差點打到我。根據(jù)句子分析可知，“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關(guān)系，故填and。

49．so【詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：到周末我們再摘這些桃子吧，那樣的話它們就足夠甜，能吃了。由設(shè)空后的內(nèi)容可判斷出設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，且設(shè)空后是that，故該空填so。so that “以便；為了”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，故填so。

50．but##yet【詳解】考查連詞。句意：上車前我認(rèn)為自己領(lǐng)會了教練的命令，但是一旦啟動汽車，我的大腦就變得一片空白。根據(jù)語境可知，此處前后句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。應(yīng)填表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞but或yet。

51．Once##If【詳解】考查連詞。句意：一旦造成破壞，農(nóng)田將需要很多年才能恢復(fù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以，空格處需要填一個連詞來引導(dǎo)前面這個從句。根據(jù)句意，前面的連詞可填I(lǐng)f來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句?；蛘咛頞nce來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，有“條件”的意味，表示從某個時間點開始，意思是“一……就……”。以上兩者引導(dǎo)的從句都是一般現(xiàn)在時，而主句是一般將來時。故填I(lǐng)f或Once。

52．since【詳解】考查連詞。句意：Mark需要學(xué)漢語，由于他的公司將在北京開設(shè)分公司?？崭裉幈碓?，因此用since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填since。

53．While【詳解】考查連詞。句意：一些人被成功的渴望驅(qū)使著，而其他人卻被失敗的恐懼驅(qū)使著前進(jìn)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處描述兩種情況，表示對比，應(yīng)用并列連詞while連接。故填While。

54．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我從未去過羅馬，但那是我最想去的城市。結(jié)合語境可知，空處需用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞連接，意為“但是”，but意為“但是”。故填but。

55．but##yet【詳解】考查連詞。句意：年輕人想幫助狗，但當(dāng)他走近時，狗開始吠叫。結(jié)合語境可知，空處需用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞連接，意為“但是”，but/yet意為“但是”，符合題意。故填but/yet。

56．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：他們很快把槍給了我，并問我是否聽到了老虎的聲音。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“gave me the gun”和“asked me”是并列的兩個動作，因此空格處用表示并列的連詞and，故填and。

57．but##yet【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我害怕那匹馬會撞到我，但它沒有。結(jié)合語境可知，空處需用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞連接，意為“但是”，but/yet意為“但是”，符合題意。故填but/yet。

58．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：有些動物，比如人，既吃植物也吃動物。both...and...為固定短語，意為“兩者都，既……又……”。故填and。

59．but##yet【詳解】考查連詞。句意：他克服了許多困難，但還不夠幸運。結(jié)合語境可知，空處需用表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞連接，意為“但是”，but/yet意為“但是”。故填but/yet。

60．but##yet【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：你可能會贏很多錢，但大多數(shù)人會輸很多錢! 分析句子可知，空格處需要一個連詞，并且兩個簡單句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but/yet。

61．so【詳解】考查連詞。句意：生活并不完美，而且總是充滿艱辛，因此我們在生活中需要朋友、作家、博主、牧師或者我們內(nèi)在精神的提醒，從而使自己重新關(guān)注那些重要的和可以讓我們積極生活的事情。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處前后為因果關(guān)系。正因為生活不完美，所以我們才需要重拾生活中可貴的東西。故填so。

62．but　【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：有些人能夠在短期內(nèi)通過高蛋白飲食來減肥，但這種減肥并不是因為吃了更多的動物蛋白，而只是因為攝入了更少的卡路里。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為固定搭配not...but...“不是……而是……”。故填but。

63．a(chǎn)nd　【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：他們是當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的重要驅(qū)動力，同時也是泉州與世界的橋梁。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填并列連詞，再根據(jù)句意可知，句中使用了固定搭配“between...and...”，意為“在……和……之間”，因此空格處是and，故填and。

64．that【詳解】考查連詞。句意：因此，你重視他們且慎重地對待他們才是可取的。it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句作真正主語。在主語從句中，不缺主干成分，不缺意思，故填that。

65．whether【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危機。I作主語，worry about作謂語，剩余部分為賓語從句。在賓語從句中，he作主語，pass through作謂語，the crisis of his illness作賓語，因此句子不缺主干成分，但缺意思“是否”。故填whether。

66．but　【詳解】考查連詞。句意：艾琳說:“我看不出有什么理由要放棄工作。我喜歡來這里，看到我的家人和我多年來結(jié)交的所有朋友。我工作不是因為我必須工作，而是因為我想工作。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)句意“……我工作不是因為我不得不工作，而是因為我想工作”可知，句子使用了固定搭配not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，因此空格處是but，故填but。

67．while【詳解】考查連詞。句意：好事不出門，壞事傳千里。結(jié)合句意可知，上下文為對比關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用并列連詞while“然而，但是”。故填while。

68．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：兩者開始相同，但結(jié)局不同。 為什么？因為你的反應(yīng)。表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是”應(yīng)用but。故填but。

69．so##and【詳解】考查連詞。句意：有些動物把種子從一個地方帶到另一個地方，這樣植物就可以傳播到新的地方。根據(jù)句意可知空格前后兩句是順承關(guān)系。故填so/and。

70．while【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：對于美國人，手電筒是flashlight，而對于英國人，手電筒是torch?？罩械脑~表示前后為對比關(guān)系，意為“而，然而”，故填while。

71．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我過去英語常常得高分，但現(xiàn)在我在聽力方面有許多問題。分析可知，空格前說過去，空格后說現(xiàn)在，因此，空格處填連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折。故填but。

72．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我原以為你音樂會會遲到，結(jié)果卻提前到了。前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。故填but。

73．because##since##as【詳解】考查連詞。句意：喬治成績優(yōu)異，被哈佛和耶魯都錄取了，但他決定去斯坦福，因為想在硅谷工作的人在那兒可以獲得很多機會。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，此處需用because/as/since引導(dǎo)，表示“因為”，故填because/since/as。

74．before【詳解】考查連詞。句意：通常經(jīng)過很長的一段時間之后，你的朋友才會完全忘掉這段記憶，所以如果他沒有馬上忘掉這段記這段記憶，你不要失望。It will be＋一段時間＋before...表示“多久之后才……”，故用連詞before。故填before。

75．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們也可以嘗試使用不同的烹飪方法，添加一些脂肪，甜，強烈的味道，如大蒜或烘烤，以改善蔬菜的味道。本句中either…or…（或者……或者……）為固定搭配，表示roasting...與adding...兩者二選一的選擇關(guān)系，故填or。

76．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：上海是東西方交流的地方，也是中國與世界交流的地方。分析可知，where East meets West和where China meets the world為并列的定語從句，修飾先行詞place，所以用并列連詞and。故填and。

77．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：而且他們平均更健康，工作效率更高，時間更長。healthier和more productive是并列關(guān)系，故填and。

78．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我工作不是因為我必須得工作，而是因為我想工作。not … but...“不是……而是……”,結(jié)合句意。故答案為but。

79．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)然，我經(jīng)歷過許多不愉快的人生階段，但我以積極的態(tài)度度過了這些階段，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)所有這些階段都是因禍得福。結(jié)合上下文語境可知表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填but。

80．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：據(jù)統(tǒng)計，1 到4歲的兒童主要是因鼻子里有異物而最需要醫(yī)生幫助，5到9歲的兒童則是因耳朵里有異物而來醫(yī)院的次數(shù)最多。此處“children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose”與“five to nine year olds came to the hospital with something in their ear the most”前后文為并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。

81．But【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我的老師那時59歲。但是她的同事說我們要慶祝她的39歲生日。根據(jù)句意可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。故填But。

82．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：最后，他要求公主做一個選擇：要么嫁給彩虹王子，安定下來，放棄跳舞，要么被關(guān)進(jìn)在地球北極的終身監(jiān)獄。either... or...要么……要么……為固定搭配。根據(jù)句意，故填or。

83．But【詳解】考查連詞。句意：內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，Clara去歐洲旅游休假，但這并沒有持續(xù)很長時間。前一句提到 Clara去了歐洲休假，后一句說這并沒有持續(xù)很長時間。說明她的休假并沒有維持很久。因此需填一個轉(zhuǎn)折意味的連詞，說明前后內(nèi)容的轉(zhuǎn)折。故填But。

84．or【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：不管你只是在公園里散步，騎自行車穿越鄉(xiāng)村還是去健身房，讓你的身體動起來不僅會讓你感到更有活力，而且還會改善你的整體健康狀況。結(jié)合句意表示“不管是……還是……”可知短語為whether…or…。故填or。

85．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：這座42000平方米的火車站形似荷葉上的露珠，覆蓋著光伏材料。據(jù)報道，這種材料可以為電站發(fā)電約580萬千瓦時，節(jié)省約1800噸煤炭。此處“l(fā)ike a dewdrop on a lotus leaf”與“is covered with photovoltaic materials”構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and。

86．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：該比賽始于臨近中國首都的廊坊，并于上海結(jié)束。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指這次比賽的起點和終點，應(yīng)用and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞started和ended。故填and。

87．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查并列連詞。句意：他甚至為一家人祈禱，當(dāng)他們回去的時候，他們的房子還好，這真是令人淚流滿面。根據(jù)句意可知，前后是順承關(guān)系應(yīng)用連詞and，故填and。

88．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：雖然這是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并提供了一個地方，讓你可以坐下來休息酸痛的腿。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”與“offers a place”部分為并列關(guān)系，都是作it的謂語，故用并列連詞and。故填and。

89．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：在旅行前，你要么可以在當(dāng)?shù)貓D書館查閱相關(guān)的信息，要么在書店買一本關(guān)于你計劃去的國家的書。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為固定搭配either...or...“要么......要么......；或者......或者......”。故填or。

90．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：考爾和她81歲的兒子兼教練古爾德夫·辛格曾受邀去幾所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)兩周，但是他們的方法使學(xué)生們的成績有了很大的提高，所以他們被要求教到九月份。根據(jù)句意可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。故填but。

91．a(chǎn)nd【詳解】考查連詞。句意：有時他們吃花園里的蔬菜，在街上散步，造成事故。根據(jù)句意上下文為并列關(guān)系，連接兩個并列的分句用and。故填and。

92．or【詳解】考查連詞。句意：但是要說明白，冒險假期不一定要把自己推到身體極限——比如參觀南極，或者在沙漠中徒步旅行。前后文是選擇關(guān)系，故填or。

93．but【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃，但還可以騎。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連接。故填but。

94．Although##Though【詳解】考查從屬連詞 。句意：盡管在我讀書的時候我是一個小孩，但我不會忘記它。該句表達(dá)讓步，而不是條件，是讓步狀語從句，首字母大寫，由Although/Though引導(dǎo)。而且翻譯為“如果”意思上也不通。故答案為Although/Though。

95．unless【詳解】考查連詞。句意：除非另有說明，這本書中所有的圖片都可追溯到20世紀(jì)50年代。分析句子可知，此處表示“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；且條件狀語從句省略了與主句相同的主語the photographs和系動詞are。故填unless。

96．a(chǎn)nd##but##yet【詳解】考查連詞。句意：你說每個人都應(yīng)該是平等的，而這正是我不同意的地方。前一分句和后一分句都是完整的句子，是并列關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用and連接；此處也可表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折和對比，所以填but/yet。故填and/but/yet。

97．before【詳解】考查連詞。句意：湯姆震驚地意識到不知不覺兩個月的暑假已經(jīng)過完了。在realise后面的賓語從句中，謂語用了過去完成時，表示動作發(fā)生在設(shè)空處所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞knew的動作之前，所以應(yīng)用before。根據(jù)句意，故填before。

98．until##till【詳解】考查連詞。句意：我將油倒入鍋中后，打開了爐灶。我耐心等待，直到油燒熱。此處是指“直到”油燒熱，應(yīng)使用連詞until/till引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填until/till。

99．whether##if【詳解】考查連詞。句意：仔細(xì)考慮，讓我知道你是否同意我的觀點 。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作know的賓語，根據(jù)句意，whether/if“是否”符合題意，故填whether/if。

100．If【詳解】考查連詞。句意：如果你多注意你的學(xué)習(xí)，你就會通過考試了。此空需用連詞連接逗號前后兩句話，結(jié)合句意，可知此空用if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件狀語從句，表示對過去情況的虛擬，從句用過去完成時，主句用would have done，故填if。