一說(shuō)到飲食模式,除了高油高脂高熱量飲食外,越來(lái)越多的人也開(kāi)始排斥碳水化合物,紛紛效仿并實(shí)踐“低碳水飲食減肥法”。

低碳水飲食真的能減肥嗎?什么才是健康的飲食模式? 低碳水飲食是指限制攝入富含碳水化合物的食物和飲料(例如果汁、啤酒和甜飲),而用其他營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的食物代替。 當(dāng)身體沒(méi)有得到碳水化合物來(lái)燃燒供能時(shí),它就會(huì)將脂肪作為主要能量來(lái)源。 A low-carb diet is one that restricts the consumption of carb-heavy food and drinks (such as juices, beer and sugary sodas), on the basis you replace them with other nutrient-dense ingredients. With less carbs for energy, the body is forced to turn to its fat stores and convert fat into energy instead. 最早的低碳水飲食法可追溯到美國(guó)醫(yī)生羅伯特·阿特金斯(Robert Atkins)于1970年提出的阿特金斯飲食法。 
與阿特金斯飲食法類(lèi)似,最近幾年非常流行的生酮飲食(Ketogenic Diet)也是低碳飲食的一種,即飲食中包括75%的脂肪,20%的蛋白質(zhì)和5%的碳水化合物。 低碳水飲食、生酮飲食、堿性飲食、間歇性禁食……如今,時(shí)尚飲食(fad diet)已經(jīng)成為普遍現(xiàn)象,并通過(guò)社交媒體和名人效應(yīng)流行起來(lái)。但這些飲食習(xí)慣對(duì)身體的長(zhǎng)期影響值得引起注意。 Generally, fad diets sell easy and quick weight loss. However, despite their appeal, the long-term effects of these diets on overall health and sustainability are often questionable.
一般來(lái)說(shuō),流行的飲食法很容易快速達(dá)到減肥目的。盡管這些飲食很有吸引力,但對(duì)人的整體健康和長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的影響往往令人懷疑。
低碳水飲食追求者視碳水化合物為洪水猛獸,“要么全吃,要么什么都不吃”。完全斷掉碳水?dāng)z入后,會(huì)導(dǎo)致疲勞、頭痛、嗜睡,同時(shí)食欲增加,更加渴望垃圾食品,因?yàn)槌燥埐荒茏屇愀械綕M(mǎn)足。 Due to such a restrictive diet, you are more prone to nutritional deficiencies. You might look lean physically but your hair, skin, and nail health will take a toss. 由于這種限制性的飲食,你更容易營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。你可能看起來(lái)很瘦,但頭發(fā)、皮膚和指甲健康會(huì)受影響。

全球最權(quán)威的醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《柳葉刀》子刊《柳葉刀公共衛(wèi)生》(The Lancet Public Health)早在2018年發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究稱(chēng),低碳水化合物飲食會(huì)縮短預(yù)期壽命。 The peer-reviewed research published in the medical journal 'The Lancet Public Health' suggests low and high-carb diets could shorten life, and diets including some carbs could promote a healthy lifespan.
這研究項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)25年,超過(guò)43萬(wàn)人。該研究的合著者、來(lái)自哈佛陳曾熙公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院(Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health)的Walter Willett說(shuō): 'These findings bring together several strands that have been controversial. Too much and too little carbohydrate can be harmful but what counts most is the type of fat, protein, and carbohydrate.' “這些發(fā)現(xiàn)把一些有爭(zhēng)議的觀點(diǎn)統(tǒng)一到了一起。過(guò)多和過(guò)少的碳水化合物都是有害的,但最重要的是脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)和碳水化合物的種類(lèi)?!?/p>

下面是低碳水飲食可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的副作用,看看你有沒(méi)有: ? 便秘 One reason for this is a lack of fiber due to minimal grains and beans, which are high-fiber foods that are also reasonably high in carbohydrates and so often avoided on low-carb diets. 高纖維、高碳水食物比如谷物和豆類(lèi),在低碳水化合物飲食中不受歡迎。這類(lèi)食物攝入不足就會(huì)導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺乏纖維素。
? 疲勞 Low-calorie diets, in general, can also lead to fatigue, so be sure that you are not eating too few calories to support your lifestyle. If weight loss is your goal, a calorie deficit is required, but one that is too extreme can have the opposite effect, reducing your total daily energy expenditure and slowing your metabolism. 一般來(lái)說(shuō),低卡飲食也會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們疲勞。所以為了維持正常生活,你不應(yīng)攝入過(guò)少的熱量。的確,減少熱量才能使我們達(dá)到減輕體重的目標(biāo)。但如果攝入熱量過(guò)少,你每天的總能量消耗會(huì)減少,新陳代謝也會(huì)因此減緩,最終只會(huì)適得其反。

? 肌肉痙攣 Whole grains are an excellent source of these minerals, and excluding them from your diet may lead to deficiencies and resulting side effects. When you lower carbohydrates, your body will carry less water due to how carbs interact with glycogen and water storage. Losing a lot of body water may also result in a loss of these minerals.
全麥?zhǔn)称肥沁@些礦物質(zhì)的絕佳來(lái)源。日常飲食不攝入全麥?zhǔn)称?,可能?huì)導(dǎo)致?tīng)I(yíng)養(yǎng)不足及其他副作用。當(dāng)你減少碳水化合物的攝入量時(shí),由于碳水與糖原和儲(chǔ)存的水分發(fā)生相互作用,你體內(nèi)的水分會(huì)減少。大量的水分流失也會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些礦物質(zhì)的流失。
? 口臭 On very low carbohydrate diets, your body switches to ketones for fuel in the absence of preferred glycogen. These ketones are removed through urination and exhalation. The exhalation of ketones may be the cause of bad breath.
當(dāng)每日飲食中的碳水化合物含量過(guò)低時(shí),由于缺少首選的糖原,你的身體會(huì)改用酮作為燃料。這些酮通過(guò)排尿與排氣離開(kāi)體內(nèi),而酮的呼出可能是口臭的原因。

? 運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)降低 Low carbohydrate diets provide little in the way of glycogen energy stores, the body’s preferred source for fueling activity. You may notice a substantial drop in your ability to perform during exercise, sports, and training activities. 低碳水飲食很難為身體提供糖原能量?jī)?chǔ)存,而糖原是身體活動(dòng)的首選來(lái)源。當(dāng)攝入碳水過(guò)低時(shí),你可能會(huì)注意到你在鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)和訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)中的表現(xiàn)能力大幅下降。
想減脂,還有哪些飲食方法可以幫助我們呢? 在今年美國(guó)新聞與世界報(bào)道網(wǎng)站(US News & World Report)發(fā)布的一年一度“最佳飲食榜單”中,有幾種飲食方法可以作為豐富飲食模式的參考選項(xiàng)。
? 彈性素食(Flexitarian Diet) 彈性素食也被稱(chēng)為靈活素食,是指一周當(dāng)中某幾天只吃素食,一般要求一周至少三天不吃肉。彈性素食飲食的食譜需要注意以下幾點(diǎn): Focus on non-meat proteins, like beans, peas or eggs. 多吃非肉類(lèi)蛋白質(zhì),例如豆類(lèi)、豌豆和雞蛋。
Include fruits, veggies, whole grains, dairy and seasonings. 多吃水果、蔬菜、全谷類(lèi)食物、乳制品和香料。
Gradually reduce meat portions and increase meat-free days per week during each stage. (Tip: If you're craving meat, you can replace traditional meat with plant-based meat alternatives, such as veggie burgers.) 逐步減少飲食中肉類(lèi)含量,增加素食天數(shù)(如果實(shí)在嘴饞,可以用素食漢堡等植物肉代替)。 Follow at your own pace by either jumping in or easing in. 按照自己的節(jié)奏來(lái),可以嘗試一開(kāi)始就嚴(yán)格遵循彈性素食準(zhǔn)則,也可以慢慢來(lái)。

?得舒飲食(DASH Diet) 得舒飲食是英文縮寫(xiě)DASH(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)的音譯詞,意為“停止高血壓的飲食法”。這種飲食方式要求食用者多吃蔬菜、水果、全谷物、精益蛋白質(zhì)等,以保證攝入足夠的鉀、鎂、鈣等元素和食物纖維,從而達(dá)到降低血壓的目的。 The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and low-fat dairy, which are high in blood pressure-lowering nutrients, like potassium, calcium, magnesium and fiber. 蔬果是人體中鉀元素最主要的來(lái)源,因此得舒飲食倡導(dǎo)食用含鉀豐富的蔬菜,尤其是葉類(lèi)菜,其次是食用含鉀豐富的水果,如香蕉、奇異果等。同時(shí),這一飲食方法也提倡每天攝取足量的低脂或脫脂奶制品。 總之,無(wú)論大家選擇哪種飲食方式,都要結(jié)合自己的體質(zhì)、興趣和飲食習(xí)慣,任何無(wú)法堅(jiān)持、無(wú)法真正改變生活習(xí)慣的“飲食法”,都不會(huì)幫你真正獲得想要的健康和身材
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