HIIT,又稱高強度健身訓(xùn)練,是如今年輕人中流行的鍛煉方式,在各大健身房和網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體上常常見到?,F(xiàn)有新研究表明,每天僅6分鐘的高強度運動除了幫助減肥,還能幫助延緩患上阿爾茨海默病。
高強度間歇性訓(xùn)練(HIIT),是一種讓你在短時間內(nèi)進(jìn)行全力、快速、爆發(fā)式鍛煉的一種訓(xùn)練技術(shù)。 High-intensity
interval training (HIIT) is a training protocol alternating short
periods of intense or explosive anaerobic exercise with brief recovery
periods until the point of exhaustion.
HIIT能讓你在短期內(nèi)心率提高并且燃燒更多熱量。這種高強度鍛煉使得身體對氧氣的需求增加,并制造缺氧狀態(tài),使你的身體在恢復(fù)期間需要更多氧氣,幫助加強鍛煉肌肉,降低血糖血壓。
在一項交叉試驗中,研究小組研究了12名18-56歲身體健康的參與者。一半的參與者是女性,身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)均低于25,并且都定期進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。實驗不包括患有慢性病及每天服藥的人。 In
a cross-over trial, the research team studied 12 fit and healthy
participants, ages 18–56. Half of the participants were female, all had
a BMI below 25, and all undertook regular physical activity. People with chronic diseases and on daily medication were excluded from the trial.
本次實驗的目標(biāo)是尋找最好的辦法促進(jìn)腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BNFD)的產(chǎn)生。這種蛋白質(zhì)對大腦成型、學(xué)習(xí)和記憶至關(guān)重要,并能增強大腦形成新連接和新通路的能力。 參與者分組實施四種可能促進(jìn)這種蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)生的不同辦法,分別為:20小時斷食、90分鐘低強度騎行、6分鐘高強度運動(40秒騎行和20秒休息交替進(jìn)行)、斷食與鍛煉相結(jié)合。 The participants all underwent 4 different study regimes: a
20-hour fast; 90-minute low intensity cycling calculated at 25% of the
participant’s peak oxygen consumption; 6-minute high intensity cycling
calculated at 100% of the participant’s peak oxygen consumption; a
combination of exercise and fasting
研究結(jié)果顯示,短時間但高強度的鍛煉是增加BNFD的最有效方式:由此產(chǎn)生的BNFD比斷食或進(jìn)行低強度鍛煉最多高出4倍。 研究人員提出,這可能是因為高強度運動會增加人體釋放的血小板,而血小板儲存了大量的BNFD。 研究人員說,HIIT 運動帶來的好處中有兩項是低強度運動做不到的:它會增加血液中血小板的數(shù)量(儲存 BNFD 的物質(zhì))并促進(jìn)向大腦輸送乳酸(當(dāng)身體將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量時細(xì)胞會產(chǎn)生乳酸;肌肉中的產(chǎn)量最高)。 HIIT,
he adds, does two things that low-intensity exercise doesn’t do; it
increases the amount of platelets in your blood (and it’s these that
store BNFD) and it boosts lactate delivery to the brain. (Lactate is
produced by cells as the body turns food into energy; the highest level
of production is seen in the muscles).
<> 大腦通常依靠99%的葡萄糖運行,但做完HIIT后,大腦或吸收產(chǎn)生的乳酸并將其用作燃料。 這種轉(zhuǎn)變刺激了BNFD的產(chǎn)生,短期內(nèi)能提高認(rèn)知,并能幫助大腦抗衰老。但不久之后,大腦和肌肉就會消耗掉所有的乳酸,你就會恢復(fù)正常。 It
is this shift that appears to stimulate the production of BNFD in the
brain, which has been associated with short-term improvements in
cognition and has a cerebral anti-ageing effect. Shortly after, your
brain and muscles will consume all the lactate and you’ll be back to
normal.
<><> 如果長期這樣做,大腦在新陳代謝方面會變得更加靈活。從長遠(yuǎn)來看,這可能會為認(rèn)知能力下降提供恢復(fù)力,因為大腦葡萄糖代謝會隨著年齡的增長而下降。 If
you do this long-term, your brain becomes more flexible
metabolically. Long-term this might provide resilience to cognitive
decline, since brain glucose metabolism declines with ageing.
換句話說,當(dāng)大腦開始衰老時,HIIT可能已經(jīng)教會大腦使用其他燃料繼續(xù)高效運行了。 In
other words, your HIIT classes might have taught your brain to run
efficiently on an alternative, sustaining fuel when you’re old.
編輯:朱迪齊
實習(xí)生:劉柏林
來源:參考消息網(wǎng) 南華早報 Medical News Today <>< font=""><><>< font=""><><>< font=""><>
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