 打開(kāi)今日頭條查看圖片詳情 一、過(guò)去一般時(shí)(Simple Past)核心功能:描述已完成的單一動(dòng)作、過(guò)去習(xí)慣、歷史事實(shí) 結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則: - 肯定句:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加-ed,不規(guī)則需單獨(dú)記憶)
- 否定句:did not (didn't) + 動(dòng)詞原形
- 疑問(wèn)句:Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形?
三大經(jīng)典場(chǎng)景與例句: - 明確結(jié)束的過(guò)去動(dòng)作(常搭配具體時(shí)間)
- She watched a movie last night.(昨晚她看了一部電影→動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)
- 過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性行為(可與頻度副詞連用)
- He always rode a bike to school when he was young.(少年時(shí)他總是騎車上學(xué))
- 歷史客觀事件
- World War II ended in 1945.(二戰(zhàn)1945年結(jié)束)
?? 動(dòng)詞變形重點(diǎn): - 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:work → worked,study → studied(輔音+y結(jié)尾變y為i)
- 高頻不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞:
go → went,see → saw,eat → ate,do → did
二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(Past Continuous)核心功能:強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去特定時(shí)刻正在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作、背景描述、被打斷動(dòng)作 結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則: - 肯定句:was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)
- 否定句:was/were not + 現(xiàn)在分詞
- 疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were + 主語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞?
三大應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景與例句: - 過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
- At 8 PM yesterday, I was cooking dinner.(昨晚8點(diǎn)我正在做飯)
- 為另一動(dòng)作提供背景(常與when/while引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去一般時(shí)連用)
- While I was walking in the park, I met an old friend.(散步時(shí)偶遇老友)
- 并列進(jìn)行的持續(xù)動(dòng)作
- She was reading while her brother was playing games.(兄妹同時(shí)進(jìn)行不同活動(dòng))
與過(guò)去一般時(shí)對(duì)比: 過(guò)去一般時(shí):He broke the vase.(打破花瓶→結(jié)果已發(fā)生) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):He was cleaning when he broke it.(打掃過(guò)程中意外打破) → 進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性與過(guò)程性
三、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(Past Perfect)核心功能:表達(dá)'過(guò)去的過(guò)去'——先于另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作完成的動(dòng)作 結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則: - 肯定句:had + 過(guò)去分詞
- 否定句:had not (hadn't) + 過(guò)去分詞
- 疑問(wèn)句:Had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞?
三大應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景與例句: - 過(guò)去某時(shí)間前已完成的動(dòng)作(時(shí)間軸先后)
- By the time I arrived, the train had left.(我到時(shí)火車已開(kāi)走→'離開(kāi)'發(fā)生在'到達(dá)'之前)
- 因果邏輯(過(guò)去動(dòng)作導(dǎo)致后續(xù)結(jié)果)
- He was tired because he had worked for 12 hours.(疲倦是因之前連續(xù)工作)
- 與過(guò)去愿望相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
- I wish I had studied harder.(但愿當(dāng)初更努力→對(duì)過(guò)去的遺憾)
? 標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): - By/before + 過(guò)去時(shí)間:by 2020, before last Monday
- When/after + 過(guò)去動(dòng)作:When I called, he had already left
?? 黃金法則:過(guò)去完成時(shí)必須與另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作或時(shí)間參照共存 ? She had finished her homework.(× 缺少參照點(diǎn)) ? She had finished her homework before dinner.(√ 補(bǔ)充時(shí)間參照)
四、三大時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)動(dòng)實(shí)戰(zhàn)同一事件中的時(shí)態(tài)協(xié)作: When the phone rang (過(guò)去一般時(shí)), I was taking (過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)) a shower. I had forgotten (過(guò)去完成時(shí)) to charge it yesterday, so it died (過(guò)去一般時(shí)) immediately. (電話響起時(shí)我正在洗澡,因昨天忘記充電,它立刻關(guān)機(jī)了) 時(shí)態(tài)邏輯鏈:
- 忘記充電(had forgotten)先于其他動(dòng)作
- 洗澡進(jìn)行中(was taking)時(shí)電話響(rang)
- 關(guān)機(jī)(died)是最終結(jié)果
五、高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)突破- 過(guò)去完成時(shí)濫用:
- 無(wú)參照點(diǎn)時(shí)勿用:
? I had eaten breakfast at 7 AM.(孤立動(dòng)作) → ? I ate breakfast at 7 AM. - 進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞限制:
- 狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞(know, love, believe)無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí):
? She was believing his story. → ? She believed his story. - when/while混淆:
- when + 短暫動(dòng)作(一般時(shí)):When he knocked, I opened the door.
- while + 持續(xù)動(dòng)作(進(jìn)行時(shí)):While I was cooking, he watched TV.
終極口訣: 過(guò)去一般:動(dòng)作已結(jié)束,-ed或不規(guī)則; 過(guò)去進(jìn)行:持續(xù)進(jìn)行中,was/were加-ing; 過(guò)去完成:過(guò)去的過(guò)去,had加過(guò)分詞!
附:自測(cè)指南 ? 問(wèn)單一動(dòng)作 → 過(guò)去一般時(shí)(He moved to London last year)
? 問(wèn)過(guò)去某刻正在做 → 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(At 9 PM, I was sleeping) ? 問(wèn)'過(guò)去的過(guò)去' → 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(The show had started when I arrived) 掌握時(shí)間軸邏輯+場(chǎng)景化訓(xùn)練,過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)難題迎刃而解!
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