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      模塊9 Unit 4 語(yǔ)法講練

       zzenglish 2011-07-22

      單  元:Unit 4 Behind beliefs

      板  塊:語(yǔ)法

       

      一、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納

      I. 復(fù)雜句子的分析

      句型

      構(gòu)成

      例示

      分析

      長(zhǎng)的

      簡(jiǎn)單句

      一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)

      Islam was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad.

      主語(yǔ):Islam

      謂語(yǔ):was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad

      并列句

      由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分句,由并列連詞and, or, but, for連接。

      Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.

      分句一:Honey is sweet

      分句二:the bee stings

      連接詞:but

      復(fù)合句

      由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句構(gòu)成。

      Soon came the news that Germany has declared war on Russia.

      主句:Soon came the news

      從句:that Germany has declared war on Russia(同位語(yǔ)從句)

      復(fù)合

      并列句

      并列部分和從屬部分同時(shí)用在一個(gè)句子中。

      He shouted to attract our attention and asked us if we had won the previous day’s match.

      并列部分:He shouted to attract our attention and asked

      從句:if we had won the previous day’s match

       

      II. 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型復(fù)習(xí)

      句子構(gòu)成

      例示

      動(dòng)補(bǔ) (SVC)結(jié)構(gòu)

      The man is a teacher.

      動(dòng) (SV)結(jié)構(gòu)

      Iron rusts.

      動(dòng)(SVO)結(jié)構(gòu)

      Liverpool won the game.

      動(dòng)(SVOO)結(jié)構(gòu)

      Mary lent me her car.

      動(dòng)補(bǔ)(SVOC)結(jié)構(gòu)

      We made him our spokesman.

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      III. 并列連詞的拓展

      代表詞

      引申的并列詞

      例示

      and

      both…and…, not only…but (also)…, as well as, and…as well, not…nor…, neither...nor…

      They can both sing and dance.

      She can neither speak nor read French.

      or

      Whether…or..., either…or…

      Either the president will resign through ill-health, or he will die in office.

      but

      while, whereas, only

      Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.

      I’d love to come, only I have to work.

      for

      for: 對(duì)前一分句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由或推斷原因,只能置于句末。

      The doctor must have sat up all night with his patient, for you see, he looks tired and sleepy.

       

      IV. 復(fù)合句分類復(fù)習(xí)

      復(fù)合句匯總

      分類

      例示

       

      定語(yǔ)從句

      限制性定語(yǔ)從句

      Those who want to go please sign their names here.

      非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

      We will put off the outing until the next week, when we won’t be so busy.

       

      名詞性從句

      主語(yǔ)從句

      Whether he will come or not is unknown.

      賓語(yǔ)從句

      Please tell me whether or not you agree with him.

      表語(yǔ)從句

      This is where I don’t agree.

      同位語(yǔ)從句

      I have no idea when she will be back.

       

       

       

       

       

       

      狀語(yǔ)從句

      時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

      Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.

      原因狀語(yǔ)從句

      Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.

      目的狀語(yǔ)從句

      We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time.

      結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

      Bring it near so that I may see it better.

      條件狀語(yǔ)從句

      As long as we don’t lose heart, we will find a way to overcome the difficulty.

      讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

      Though we fight like cat and dog, we still love each other.

      比較狀語(yǔ)從句

       

      She’s no less active than he used to be. (She is as active as he used to be.)

      方式狀語(yǔ)從句

      He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat.

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

       

      V. 復(fù)雜句子的分析舉例

      復(fù)雜句子

      句子分析

      That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was first discovered by Paster, who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use.

      (一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物,這種現(xiàn)象最早是巴斯德發(fā)現(xiàn)的,他指出這可以應(yīng)用到醫(yī)療上去。)

      1.       主語(yǔ):That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species(主語(yǔ)從句)

      2.       謂語(yǔ): was discovered

      3.       狀語(yǔ): first and by Pasteur

      4.       從句: who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾Paster.,內(nèi)含that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)

      Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. (她受過(guò)重刑,而且有病,可她卻這樣愉快,這樣充滿了信心,這樣用盡她所剩的力量來(lái)幫助其他同志。)

      1.       主語(yǔ): she

      2.       謂語(yǔ): remained so cheerful and confident

      3.       狀語(yǔ): eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. (表示伴隨狀態(tài))ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句, 兩處狀語(yǔ)均用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)。)

      The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. (目前的問(wèn)題是,很多人把努一把力能做到的事看成是做不到的。)

      1.       主語(yǔ): the present question

      2.       謂語(yǔ): is + that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

      3.       在表語(yǔ)從句中:a.主語(yǔ):many people

                       b. 謂語(yǔ):consider

                       c. 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ):impossible what is really possible

                       d. 狀語(yǔ)從句:if effort is made

       

      二、語(yǔ)法拓展訓(xùn)練

      (一)單項(xiàng)填空

      1. _________ you show any fear, the tiger will attack you.

         A. Once               B. Until       C. Till    D. While

      2. The master will not attend our meeting__________ he _______ free.

         A. if; will be    B. if; is    C. unless; shall be   D. unless; is

      3—Do you have any idea what Hank does all day?

         —I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he __________.

          A. does writing             B. writes               C. is writing          D. does to write

      4If the way _____ you do the job is wrong, you will surely fail ____ good your idea may be.

          A. how; however           B. /; however         C. that; whatever    D. in which; how

      5She must have gone out early, _____ she had not shown up at breakfast.

          A. because                    B. since                 C. for                    D. therefore

      6_______ I could write down the number of the bus, the bus had run away.

         A. Before             B. Unless                  C. Until              D. Once

      7________, she knows the city very well.

         A. As she is blind   B. As blind she is        C. Blind as she is  D. She is as blind

      8Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ______ out of the office.

          A. to go                       B. went                 C. gone                 D. would go

      9 —Excuse me, is there a gas station around _______ I can fill up my tank?

          —Of course, there is one at the end of the road.

          A. that                         B. in which            C. where               D. which

      10I was advised to arrange for insurance _____ I needed some medical treatment.

          A. so that                            B. in case                     C. for fear of         D. though

      11—Do you remember _______ our manager came?

      —Yes, I do, he came in his car.

      A. how    B. when    C. that     D. if

      12_________ the man grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.

          A. With   B. Since   C. While    D. As

      13Doing your homework is a way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _____ it _____ classroom tests.

          A. before; gets       B. as; makes    C. since; takes         D. when; comes to

      14When he reads books, his habit is to make a mark _______ the meaning is unclear to him.

          A. there                        B. wherever           C. the place           D. in which

      15It was not ______ he took off his dark glasses _____ I realized he was a famous football star.

      A. when; that  B. until; did           C. when; then        D. until; that

      16The boy dived into the water and after _____ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.

           A. what            B. that                   C. it               D. which

      17These two areas are similar _____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.

           A. except that              B. in which            C. in that             D. so that             

      18Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water_____ they are not managed carefully.

          A. though     B. until     C. before   D. if

      19Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and ________ more than 10,000 years ago.

          A. this is Alaska                                 B. Alaska is now          

      C. is now Alaska                                D. what is now Alaska

      20Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is ______ watch _______ Helen lost the other day?

          A. as the same ; as               B. the same ; as             C. the same ; which              D. as the same ; that

      21You should put the dictionary _______ you can find it easily.

          A. where    B. the place    C. the place on which    D. what

      22She said to me, “I’ll tell you the result of test_______ I know it.”

          A. because   B. the moment    C. after    D. though

      23That is the reason ______ he gave us for carrying out the plan.  

          A. because                   B. why                  C. how                  D. that

      24Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?

          A. where; that        B. which; that        C. that; where        D. where; which

      25The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationship with real-life people.

           A. that                 B. when         C. in which            D. on which

      26Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, ____ it will be completely finished.

           A. on that time            B. by which time           C. on which           D. by the time

      27In the book, Newton is shown as a gifted scientist who stood at the point in history ______ magic ended and science began.

           A. where                    B. when                C. that                   D. which

      28The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.

           A. when                     B. where                      C. which               D. whose

      29In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.

           A. what     B. when    C. which     D. what

      30I have many friends, _______ some are businessmen.

          A. of them    B. from which    C. who of    D. of whom

       

      (二)選詞填空

      that, where, unless, what, because, while, whatever, when, and, whenever

       1. —Did you return Fred’s call?

         —I didn’t need to________ I’ll see him tomorrow.

       2. The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

       3. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ________ it rains or it’s very cold.

       4. The Mississippi River is the place _________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

       5. It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.

       6. The artist was born poor, ________ poor he remained all his life.

       7. The roof leaks ________ it rains.

       8. Occasions are quite rare_________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

       9. In some places women are expected to earn money _________ men work at home and raise their children.

       10. You have our support, ________ you decide.

       

      (三)句子改錯(cuò)

        1. If he will come or not is unknown.

        2. He has won the prize is true.

        3. The question is that whether it is worth trying.

        4. I am satisfied that you have done is right.

        5. I’ll give the gift to whomever comes first.

       6. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from which   their parents speak at home.

       7. Don’t promise anything when you are one hundred percent sure.

       8. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea that the party is to be held?

       9. As is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.

       10. Nancy enjoyed herself so much that she visited her friends in Sydney last year.

       

      (四)中譯英

      1. 有許多種運(yùn)動(dòng),但我最喜歡的是散步。

      _______________________________________________________

      2. 你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)不重要,這是我不同意之處。

      _______________________________________________________

      3. 學(xué)英語(yǔ)最重要的是足夠的練習(xí)。

      _________________________________________________________

      4.一旦你有信心,你就能在面試中獲得成功。

      _________________________________________________________

      5. 明天我們是否去野營(yíng)取決于天氣。

      __________________________________________________________

      (五)真題回顧

      1. See the flags on top of the building? That was ___ we did this morning. (2006全國(guó)I)

             A. when                B. which             C. where             D. what

         2. ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.  (2006全國(guó)I)

             A. Since               B. Unless            C. As                  D. although

      3. Please remind me ___ he said he was going, I may be in time to see him off.  (2006全國(guó)I)

            A. where                B. when              C. how                D. what

      4. It was not until she got home ___ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.  (2006全國(guó)II)

            A. when                        B. that                 C. where             D. before

          5. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ___, in fact, there were 40. (2006全國(guó)II)

            A. while                        B. whether                 C. what               D. which

      1. What did your parents think about your decision? (2006全國(guó)II)

             They always let me do ___ I think I should.

             A. when                B. that                C. how                D. what

         7.  Scientists say it may be five or six years         it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. (2004福建)

      A. since                B. after                 C. Before             D. when

      1. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future. (2004廣東)

         A. that                 B. how                  C. such                D. so

      1. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

          (2004湖南)

          A. how                B. which          C. where           D. that

      10. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. (2004湖南)

          A. which             B. why                    C. what             D. how

      11. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _______ the season.   (2008全國(guó)I)

      A. whatever          B. wherever        C. whenever       D. however

      12. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?   (2008全國(guó)I)

         I don’t mind where we go________ there’s sun, sea and beach.

           A. as if              B. as long as       C. now that         D. in order that

      13. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly differently from _________ spoken in England. (2008全國(guó)I)

          A. which           B. what             C. that              D. the one

      14. A small car is big enough for a family of three ________ you need more space for baggage. (2008全國(guó)II)

           A. once            B. because         C. if                 D. unless

      15. The road conditions there turned out to be good, ________ was more than we could expect. (2008全國(guó)II)

          A. it                 B. what             C. which           D. that

       

       

       

      參考答案

      (一)單項(xiàng)填空

      1—5ADABC      6—10ACACB   11—15ACDBD

      16--20ACDDB   21—25ABDBA   26--30BABCD

       

      (二)選詞填空

       1. because          2. what                       3. unless              4. where              5. that

       6. and               7. whenever         8. when               9. while              10. whatever

       

      (三)句子改錯(cuò)

        1. If 改成 Whether     2. He 前加 That                              3. 刪除 that

       4. that 后加what               5. whomever 改成whoever         6. which 改成 what  

      7. when 改成 unless    8. that 改成 where/how            9. As改成It 

      10. that改成when

       

         (四)中譯英

      1. There are many kinds of sports, but my favorite is walking .

      2. You are saying that English is not important, and this is where I disagree.

      3. What matters most in learning English is enough practice.

      4. You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.

      5. Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

       

      (五)真題回顧

       1—5 DDBBA  6—10 DCBCC    11—15 ABCDC

         

       

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