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扶乩，《辭?！返慕忉屖牵阂环N迷信，扶即扶架，乩指卜以問疑…… 也叫扶箕、扶鸞，與扶乩相似的迷信，世界各地都有。 據(jù)《中華道教大辭典》解釋：扶乩是古代“天人交通”術(shù)的一種，又名扶鸞。英文為Sciomancy或Planchette Writing意即箕占、篩占、乩占等。 扶乩的最早紀(jì)錄見于我國東晉時(shí)期，唐時(shí)傳入日本，由日本傳入荷蘭，再由荷蘭傳入歐美各國，在日本叫做“靈子術(shù)”，西方國家稱扶乩的板為“維吉板”，研究扶乩的組織叫“靈學(xué)會(huì)”，能夠組織扶乩和與神交流的人稱“神媒”或“靈媒”。美國前總統(tǒng)威爾遜生前篤信扶乩，有一次乩盤上寫出了許多古代希伯來文，當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)的人都不認(rèn)識(shí)；英國著名生物學(xué)家查理·達(dá)爾文的哥哥伊拉斯馬斯·達(dá)爾文堅(jiān)信扶乩，經(jīng)常在自己家里組織扶乩會(huì)，達(dá)爾文曾經(jīng)參加了一次扶乩會(huì)，但中途退場(chǎng)了， 達(dá)爾文的好朋友、著名生物學(xué)家赫胥黎對(duì)扶乩雖然持懷疑態(tài)度，但經(jīng)常參加扶乩會(huì)，而達(dá)爾文的另一位好友、著名科學(xué)家華萊士卻是扶乩的堅(jiān)決擁護(hù)者。 我國歷史上，民間扶乩多在正月15日夜里，迎請(qǐng)紫姑神，卜問來年農(nóng)耕、?？?、功名之事。唐代李商隱就有“羞逐鄉(xiāng)人賽紫姑”的詩句。宋代沈括《夢(mèng)溪筆談》“近歲迎紫姑仙者極多”。宋代洪邁《夷堅(jiān)志》詳細(xì)描述了扶箕的情形。詩人陸游《箕卜》詩描述了扶乩迎請(qǐng)紫姑神的情形。 1651年，有個(gè)云間（今上海松江）男子扶乩?！柏老伞苯蹬R后，該男子問：仙從哪里來？乩書曰：“兒家原住古錢塘，曾有詩篇號(hào)斷腸。” 該男子又問：仙是何姓氏？乩書曰：“猶傳小字在詞場(chǎng)。”因?yàn)樵撃凶硬恢烙小稊嗄c集》，看見乩文有“兒家”兩字，知道“乩仙”肯定是女子，便猜測(cè)道：“仙莫非是蘇小小嗎？”乩書曰：“漫把若蘭方淑士，”該男子還是不解又問：“莫非是李清照嗎？”乩書又曰：“須知清照易貞娘，朱顏說與任君詳。”該男子這才恍然大悟，知道是朱淑真降壇，于是一問一答，“乩仙”寫成《浣溪紗》等詞后離去。因?yàn)樵撃凶硬煌ㄔ娢?，不知道朱淑真的詩作《斷腸集》，所以這里“乩仙”的文采，明顯高于該扶乩者，乩文由扶乩者造作的可能性幾乎為零。 曾有人扶乩，迎來呂洞賓降乩作詩云：“此間雞犬亦神仙，信是桃源別有天。覺得春風(fēng)都著意，綠楊如畫柳如煙?！?似乎仙界也一樣擁有雞犬、春風(fēng)、楊柳等人情風(fēng)物。 在1700年前的東晉年間，扶乩就已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了非常成熟的應(yīng)用階段，這樣看來，扶乩存在于我國民間，應(yīng)該有2000年的歷史了。兩千年來，扶乩的用具幾乎沒有變化，一般有專用的木制沙盤和三角形、丁字形乩架，或笸籮、篩、籮等，而降臨乩壇的角色卻隨著時(shí)代變遷，有與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的特點(diǎn)，據(jù)上海交通大學(xué)教授江曉原考證：降臨乩 壇的一般為鬼、神、仙等角色，清末民初，“在‘同善社’降壇的有孔子、老子、釋迦牟尼、穆罕默德、耶穌、拿破侖、華盛頓、托爾斯泰等等”。人們對(duì)扶乩的真假與否，仁者見仁、智者見智，對(duì)待扶乩的態(tài)度長(zhǎng)期莫衷一是。 1945年夏初，重慶成立了國際宗教研究會(huì)，發(fā)起人為了撰寫宣言，便組織扶乩，請(qǐng)濟(jì)公降臨乩壇為研究會(huì)題寫宣言，曾經(jīng)出任中國駐印度等國外交使節(jié)的盧春芳先生，親眼目睹并記錄下濟(jì)公降臨乩壇題寫的乩文. 濟(jì)公以“鍾靈毓秀”為韻，題寫了《國際宗教研究會(huì)宣言》： 01 大道之行-To bring the highest ideals of God into practice. 天下為公-The best world can be made without prejudice. 不分彼此-';This'; and ';that';, is needless to say. 無論西東-Or ';east'; and ';west';, anyway. 02 大如宇宙-As large as the whole universe. 小似魚蟲-Or as small as an insect or a fish. 形體有異-They differ only in body and size. 性靈終同-With the same soul in each. 03 俯察黃泉- To look upon the heaven above, 仰視霄沖- And down to the ground below. 萬千變化- Many a thousand changes may occur, 不離其宗- But all the same are governed by law. 04 純乎自然-This seems quite natural, 異曲同工-To sing different songs with equal skill. 生化之間-During an interval of life and death, 各秉正統(tǒng)-Every particle owns a good spirit still. 05 日月星辰-The sun, the moon and the stars are. 彌漫太空-Heavenly bodies all over the sky, 山水沙木-While mountains, waters, sands and woods were. 造化所鍾-Created by God in forms wet or dry. 06 人列三才-In between the heaven and the earth, 靈焉最聰-Human beings are the wisest of all, 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)群倫-To take the lead among the rest, 共樂仁風(fēng)-And enjoy the Big Nature what we can all. 07 溯彼太初-From the very beginning, 萬有穆雍-A peaceful air was over all. 主宰恒存-There must be the Lord, 操縱其中-With an absolute power to control. 08 一胞所系-Such a huge system is of no border, 靜躁不同-With a content of bodies large and small; 無鉅弗包-They may be in motion or at rest, 無細(xì)弗容-That';s the only difference after all. 09 有象易見-With image, one can easily observe. 無形難窮-Lest one can';t even comprehend. 天命莫測(cè)-The ways of providence are oftentimes, 自始至終-Inscrutable from beginning to end. 10 生來何自-Where were we born from? 死去何從-Where shall we pass away to? 真理常在-Causes and effects are rather complicate. 因果錯(cuò)綜-Yet the truth is always true. 11 無化無滅-Unchangeable and indestructible is, 厥為圓靈-The true essence-This one soul. 舍之則亡-It may be neglected and lost, 操之則存-Or it may be kept in full. 12 生生之本-To search for the origin of life eternal. 上蒼之仁-We resort to the great kindness of God. 仁者無敵-For a kind person is always invincible. 草木全仁-And a good plant depends upon its seed bud. 13 恒大悠久-Moreover, eternal is also the civilization, 博厚高明-And profound are both and heaven, 不動(dòng)而變-Without any abrupt change of themselves, 無為而成-All things molded within. 14 煌煌先哲-So brilliant were the ancient sages- 世界圣人-Saints of the world. 積年累月-For years and months they tried 真諦是尋-With God';s truth to hold. 15 因時(shí)因地-To preach the gospel through different apostles, 因事因人-At different times in different localities, 悉奉使命-They were born to be Archangel of God, 至性生成-Together with many good qualities. 16 創(chuàng)立宗教-They had established their religions respectively. 修己度人-To save themselves and others who suffered too much. 善不計(jì)功-To cast their own bread into waters, 取義成仁-They had done what ought to be done for each. 17 耶回儒釋-The five religions are Christianity, 道教異名-Mohammedanism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. 初本一家-With no difference from the outset, 未嘗徑庭-They are the same under God';s kingdom. 18 諸子百家-To develop them into many branches. 衍出多門-There were countless thinkers of the past. 擇善固執(zhí)-They followed strictly the human nature, 率性而行-To prove all things good and hold them fast. 19 自誠而明-Honestly makes a man wise, 自明而誠-Wisdom makes a man honest. 忠以盡己-Faithfulness of oneself is apt to win praise, 恕以待人-Yet forgiveness to others is still the finest. 20 何道非道-Nowhere will not be the truth of God, 晶晶瑩瑩-That';s apparent to everybody. 一以貫之-But success had only those. 炳炳鱗鱗-Who took it under custody. 21 降及後世-Until the recent centuries, 志理競(jìng)欲-Men forgot truth for wants in competition. 異端紛起-Differences in opinion arose. 入主出奴-From differences in pre-occupation. 22 各因成見-Because some prejudices existed. 互不和睦-They were not mutually reconcilable. 釀為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)-As a result, belligerent actions took place 干戈相屬-And wars were unavoidable. 23 禍亂之烈-The disaster might be so serious 此興彼伏-That one came after another. 正義莫張-There could be no more justice, 生靈汨役-And many living souls always died together. 24 或?yàn)榈顿?Some of them were slaughterers, 或?yàn)轸~肉-Some of them were victims. 殘肢缺體-Nothing had there been so dreadful 傷心慘目-As the wounded bodies and limbs. 25 粉碎家庭-Many families were broken. 離散骨肉-Many couples were dissociated. 掠奪土地-Many fertile soils were spoiled. 覆滅異族-Many peoples of different races were annihilated. 26 喪失文化-Civilization was deteriorated. 摧殘教育-Education was metamorphosed. 破壞和平-Peace was destroyed. 犧牲幸福-Welfare was sacrificed. 27 經(jīng)濟(jì)崩潰-Financial crisis had always occurred. 自由難圖-As to freedom, ';twas difficult to attain. 科學(xué)誤用-Scientific knowledge was ill-used. 利器百出-Secret weapons were renewed again and again. 28 生活艱苦-To get living, ';twas very hard. 饑饉滿屋-Starvation came to every home, whether new or old. 彌天烽火-Distress had caused pain to all. 遍地萑苻-Robbery existed at nearly every corner of the world. 29 愈演愈厲-The conditions grew worse and worse. 愈來愈酷-The cruelty became more and more. 報(bào)應(yīng)昭彰-Both defensive and offensive actions were repeated. 循環(huán)往復(fù)-Those facts were quite clear to all. 30 哀哉蕓蕓-Alas! May poor creatures! 無辜受戮-You have been innocently ill-treated. 既絕反省-Be wiser to plan for yourselves 亟宜自圖-At an early date after thoroughly yon reflected. 31 爰在今日-Therefore it';s up to nowadays. 將謀戰(zhàn)後-A good plan shall be carried out effectively after this war. 永久和平-For the sake of eternal peace 國際機(jī)構(gòu)-An international organization is the best by far. 32 宗教教義-The same truth for all religions, 尤當(dāng)研究-Everybody has to research. 信仰自由-The freedom to worship God in one';s own way 理論精透-Is the most fundamental principle one may reach. 33 凡各教徒-Apostles of the world! 悉屬優(yōu)秀-You are all good fellows! 應(yīng)發(fā)宏愿-You have to serve for the greatest will, 救人自救-To save yourselves and any other who follows. 34 不分中外-With no regard to nationality, 男女老幼-Members of different sexes and ages! 殊途同歸-On the basis of equality, you will reach 何薄何厚-The same kingdom of God through different passages. 35 本會(huì)成立-Here is the establishment of A.R.I.R. 惟展各埠-With branches in all parts of the world. 宗旨純正-With a righteous aim. 不愧屋漏-We are all faithful to God. 36 發(fā)揮真理-To preach the same truth, 迅伏魔寂-And to defeat the devil enemies, 勝利可期-Victory will be ours, 膚功克奏-Triumphs will not be absurdities. 37 人類文明-Unlike the wild beasts, 非同野獸-Human beings are civilized. 互增情感-Be sympathetic and honest. 勿生疑竇-No doubts can ever be roused. 38 天下大同-In a world of Universal Brotherhood, 河山依舊-As usual, territories have to be restored. 共策安全-To enjoy the same happiness, 胥得享受-The common security must be assured. 39 愿此世界-Wishing that whorled world, 民康物阜-Will return to good order. 一夫不獲-If any individual be there not properly treated, 眾生互救-Any other may be asked as a saver. 40 永久和平-Eternal peace could aptly be maintained, 殆屬天授-If it were gifted by heaven, 愿吾同人-Come on! my dear friends, 精誠奮斗-We have to try our best for this heavy burden. 乩壇上詩文完成后，“濟(jì)公”要求在場(chǎng)者譯成英文，但無一人敢譯，于是“濟(jì)公”自己翻譯成英文，并囑咐在場(chǎng)者廣為傳播等。 當(dāng)時(shí)正值抗戰(zhàn)勝利前夕， “濟(jì)公”在乩文中預(yù)言了戰(zhàn)后以維護(hù)世界和平為己任的聯(lián)合國的成立，“永久和平，殆屬天授”告訴我們，新的世界大戰(zhàn)不會(huì)再來。 當(dāng)時(shí)令在場(chǎng)者百思不解的是：“濟(jì)公”何時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)的英文？ |
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