許多人認(rèn)為壽命在很大程度上是由先天基因決定的。然而，100個(gè)科學(xué)已經(jīng)證實(shí)，先天基因所起的作用實(shí)際上很小。事實(shí)證明，飲食、生活方式等習(xí)慣才是關(guān)鍵，這100個(gè)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)的論文大部分發(fā)表在著名的美國NCBI上（具體參考文末）?，F(xiàn)在讓我們來看看，這13個(gè)與長壽有關(guān)的習(xí)慣分別是：

1、 避免暴飲暴食：限制攝入過多食物卡路里

日常生活中，我們經(jīng)常用卡路里來形容飲食攝入量的多少。根據(jù)動(dòng)物學(xué)家研究表明，正?？防飻z取量減少10-50%，可達(dá)到不同限度的延長壽命【1】?？茖W(xué)曾經(jīng)專門對(duì)長壽的人類群體，進(jìn)行為期至少30年的觀察和研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們唯一不同常人的就是，這類長壽群體以低熱量、低卡路里的飲食為主。所以，減少熱量攝入不但能夠延長壽命，還可以減少患病的概率【2.3.4】。

更重要的是，限制卡路里攝入量，有助于減少多余的體重，比如減少腹部脂肪，而體重和腹部脂肪也是已經(jīng)被科學(xué)證實(shí)的、能夠較少壽命的兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)【5.6.7】。但是，長期限制卡路里的攝入，通常是不可持續(xù)的，而且可能產(chǎn)生副作用，如增加饑餓、導(dǎo)致低體溫，還能使性沖動(dòng)減弱【3】。所以，如何既能最大限度的延長壽命、攝入的卡路里又最科學(xué)，這個(gè)研究還在探索中，讓我們拭目以待。

2、多吃堅(jiān)果：堅(jiān)果是營養(yǎng)的“發(fā)源地”

堅(jiān)果富含蛋白質(zhì)、纖維、抗氧化劑和有益的植物化合物，也是我們身體中多種維生素和礦物質(zhì)的重要來源，比如銅，鎂、鉀、葉酸、煙酸、維生素B6 【8】。一些研究表明，堅(jiān)果對(duì)心臟病、高血壓、炎癥、糖尿病、代謝綜合征、腹部脂肪水平，甚至某些形式的癌癥都能產(chǎn)生有益的影響【9.10.11.12】。

一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)人每周至少吃3份堅(jiān)果，那么這個(gè)人過早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了39%【13】。同樣，最近兩項(xiàng)包括350，000多人的研究，研究最主要對(duì)這些人的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，長期飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中含有堅(jiān)果的人，死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了4%-27%【14.15】。

3、 食用姜黃：姜黃素具有抗氧化和抗炎作用

當(dāng)談到抗衰老時(shí)，姜黃是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。這是因?yàn)檫@種香料含有一種名為姜黃素的有效生物活性化合物。

因?yàn)榻S素具有抗氧化和抗炎的特性。這被認(rèn)為有助于維持大腦、心臟和肺功能，以及預(yù)防癌癥和與年齡有關(guān)的疾病【16-27】。姜黃素來自于姜黃，而姜黃在印度已經(jīng)被食用了幾千年，通常被認(rèn)為是安全的。

4、多吃瓜果蔬菜植物食品：多吃植物食品可以降低患各種常見疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

多吃植物食品，如水果、蔬菜、堅(jiān)果、種子、全谷類和豆子，可降低疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，延長壽命。許多研究顯示，植物量多的飲食能夠降低過早死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及降低患癌癥、代謝綜合癥、心臟病、抑郁癥和腦惡化【28-31】。這些影響歸因于植物類食物含有抗氧化劑，包括多酚、類胡蘿卜素、葉酸和維生素C【32】。

有幾項(xiàng)研究專門針對(duì)素食主義者（飲食以瓜果蔬菜為主的人），研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人過早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了12-15%【33.34】，這些人群患癌癥、心臟、腎臟或激素相關(guān)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了29%-52%【33.34】。更重要的是，過早死亡和某些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)隨著肉類攝入的增加而增加【35-39】。總的來說，多吃植物食物對(duì)健康和長壽都有好處，降低患各種常見疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

5.保持運(yùn)動(dòng)：每周鍛煉150分鐘以上是最好的，但即使是少量的鍛煉也會(huì)有所幫助。

保持身體活躍可以使你保持健康，并為你的生活增添年歲，這一點(diǎn)也是科學(xué)證實(shí)的【40】。研究提到保持每天15分鐘的運(yùn)動(dòng)，可能延長3年的壽命【40】，早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能會(huì)降低4%41。其他調(diào)查也發(fā)現(xiàn)，每周鍛煉不小于150分鐘的人，早期死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低22%【42.43】。

6.不要吸煙：戒煙對(duì)你來說永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚。

已經(jīng)有科學(xué)證實(shí)，吸煙與疾病和早死密切相關(guān)【44】?？偟膩碚f，吸煙的人可能會(huì)失去長達(dá)10年的壽命，并且比那些從來不抽煙的人過早死亡的可能性高出3倍【45】。一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告說，35歲以前戒煙的人可能會(huì)將他們的壽命延長8.5年46。此外，在你60多歲的時(shí)候戒煙可能意味著你的一生將延長3.7年。事實(shí)上，在你80多歲的時(shí)候戒煙仍然會(huì)帶來好處【44.46】。

7.適度飲酒：保持適量的攝入有助于預(yù)防疾病和延長壽命，特別是葡萄酒。

研究顯示，重度飲酒會(huì)導(dǎo)致肝臟、心臟和胰腺疾病，而且總體上增加了早期死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)【47】。但是適量飲用會(huì)降低患病的可能性，降低過早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)17-18%【47.48】。其實(shí)，酒含多酚抗氧化劑、被認(rèn)為是特別有益的。

一項(xiàng)29年的研究表明，適度喝酒的男人比酗酒的人早死的機(jī)率降低34%【49】。此外研究還指出，葡萄酒對(duì)心臟病、糖尿病、神經(jīng)紊亂和代謝綜合征有特別的保護(hù)作用【50】。以上是過度飲酒和重度酗酒的對(duì)比，但這不代表讓你去喝酒，目前沒有科學(xué)研究證明，飲酒比不飲酒好。換句話說，如果你通常不喝酒，就沒有必要開始喝酒【51】。

8.保持開心：能夠延長壽命，還可以促進(jìn)情緒的健康。

保持開心可以大大延長你的壽命【52】。事實(shí)上，在一項(xiàng)為期5年的研究中，快樂的個(gè)體早死率下降了3.7%【53】。有一項(xiàng)對(duì)180名天主教修女的研究分析很有趣，這項(xiàng)研究在修女22歲時(shí)第一次進(jìn)入修道院、就記錄了她們自己報(bào)告的“幸福水平”，并將這些水平與他們的壽命進(jìn)行了比較：

結(jié)果顯示，那些在22歲進(jìn)入修道院時(shí)感到最開心的人，在六十年后還活著的可能性要比那些進(jìn)入時(shí)不開心的高出2.5倍【54】，快樂的人比不快樂的人活得長18%【55】。

9.避免長期壓力和焦慮：保持樂觀的人生觀也是有益的。

焦慮和壓力可能會(huì)大大縮短你的壽命。據(jù)報(bào)道，患有壓力或焦慮的婦女死于心臟病、中風(fēng)或肺癌的可能性要比正常人要高出2倍【56.57.58】。同樣，焦慮或壓力較大的男性過早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也比其他較為輕松的男性高出3倍【59.60.61】。

如果你感覺壓力大，那么笑和樂觀是解決方案的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵組成部分。研究表明，悲觀的人比樂觀的人早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高42%【62-65】。不管怎樣，笑和積極的人生觀都可以減輕壓力，有效延長你的壽命。

10.保持社交：社交會(huì)促進(jìn)你培養(yǎng)關(guān)系，從而降低壓力和提高免疫力。

研究人員報(bào)告說，保持健康的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助你延長50%的壽命【66】、早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低200%以上【67】。研究還將健康的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)與心臟、大腦、免疫功能的積極變化聯(lián)系起來，結(jié)果證實(shí)健康社交能降低患慢性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)【68-72】。

一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的社交圈也可以幫助你增加抗壓能力，這也進(jìn)一步解釋了社交對(duì)壽命的積極影響【73-74】。最后，一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告說，向他人提供支持可能比接受支持更有益。除了接受你的朋友和家人的照顧外，你還要向他們及時(shí)回報(bào)你的好意【75】。

11.保持認(rèn)真的責(zé)任心：認(rèn)真與責(zé)任心可以減少老年時(shí)的健康問題。

責(zé)任心是指一個(gè)人具有自律、有組織、有效率和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的能力。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究了1500名男孩和女孩、從成年到老年的數(shù)據(jù)，研究結(jié)果顯示堅(jiān)持不懈、有組織和紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的孩子比不那么認(rèn)真的孩子活得長11%【76.77】。

認(rèn)真的人不容易患高血壓、同時(shí)也較少出現(xiàn)精神狀況，而且還能減少患糖尿病、心臟、關(guān)節(jié)病的概率【78】。這可能部分是因?yàn)橛胸?zé)任心的人、本身不太可能冒危險(xiǎn)或本身具有較強(qiáng)的抗壓能力，也有可能過是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)真有責(zé)任心的人本身對(duì)自己的健康比較負(fù)責(zé)【79-81】。所以，在生活的任何階段，其實(shí)你都可以通過整理辦公桌、堅(jiān)持工作計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)時(shí)等小步驟來培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感。

12.喝咖啡或茶：咖啡和茶都會(huì)降低患慢性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。適量飲用延緩衰老。

綠茶可能會(huì)降低你患癌癥、糖尿病和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)【82-86】。同樣，咖啡會(huì)降低患2型糖尿病、心臟病、某些癌癥和腦部疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)【87-92】，例如阿爾茨海默氏癥和帕金森氏癥。

此外，喝咖啡和喝茶的人與不喝酒的人相比，早起死亡率降低20-30%【93-96】。但是請(qǐng)記住，過量的咖啡因也會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮和失眠，所以你要把咖啡的攝入量限制在每天400毫克左右，也就是大約4杯咖啡【97.98】。

13.養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠模式：睡眠是調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞功能和愈合身體的關(guān)鍵。

制定睡眠計(jì)劃，包括每晚7-8小時(shí)的睡眠。最近的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告說，長壽很可能與規(guī)律的睡眠模式有關(guān)，比如每天睡覺和每天同一時(shí)間醒來【99】。睡眠時(shí)間似乎也是一個(gè)因素，太少和太多都是有害的。例如，每晚睡眠少于5至7小時(shí)，早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高出12%，而每晚睡眠超過8至9小時(shí)、也可使你早死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率高出38%【100】。

睡眠過少也會(huì)引起身體炎癥，增加患糖尿病、心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。已經(jīng)被科學(xué)證實(shí)的肥胖也與壽命縮短有關(guān)【100】。另一方面，過度睡眠可能導(dǎo)致抑郁、乏力等情況，所有這些都能對(duì)你的壽命產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響【100】。

總結(jié)：長壽似乎不是你能控制的，但以上100個(gè)權(quán)威嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)研究表明，許多健康的習(xí)慣會(huì)讓你擁有一個(gè)健康的晚年、更長時(shí)間的生命，比如不酗酒、喝咖啡/茶、運(yùn)動(dòng)、充足的睡眠、培養(yǎng)責(zé)任心等等。綜合起來，這些習(xí)慣可以促進(jìn)你的健康，讓你走上長壽的道路。

100個(gè)科學(xué)研究論文摘自：

1、Extending healthy life span--from yeast to humans.

Fontana L1, Partridge L, Longo VD.

2、Caloric restriction, the traditional Okinawan diet, and healthy aging: the diet of the world's longest-lived people and its potential impact on morbidity and life span.

Willcox BJ1, Willcox DC, Todoriki H, Fujiyoshi A, Yano K, He Q, Curb JD, Suzuki M.

3、Caloric restriction.

Speakman JR1, Mitchell SE.

4、What are the roles of calorie restriction and diet quality in promoting healthy longevity?

Rizza W1, Veronese N2, Fontana L3.

5、Can we live longer by eating less? A review of caloric restriction and longevity.

Roth LW1, Polotsky AJ.

6、One year of caloric restriction in humans: feasibility and effects on body composition and abdominal adipose tissue.

Racette SB1, Weiss EP, Villareal DT, Arif H, Steger-May K, Schechtman KB, Fontana L, Klein S, Holloszy JO; Washington University School of Medicine CALERIE Group.

7、Should visceral fat be reduced to increase longevity?

Finelli C1, Sommella L, Gioia S, La Sala N, Tarantino G.

8、Nuts: source of energy and macronutrients.

Brufau G1, Boatella J, Rafecas M.

9、Health Benefits of Nut Consumption

Emilio Ros

10、Nut consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Luo C1, Zhang Y1, Ding Y1, Shan Z1, Chen S1, Yu M1, Hu FB1, Liu L1.

11、Nut consumption and blood lipid levels: a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials.

Sabaté J1, Oda K, Ros E.

12、Nuts and coronary heart disease: an epidemiological perspective.

Kelly JH Jr1, Sabaté J.

13、Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial.

Guasch-Ferré M1, Bulló M, Martínez-González Má, Ros E, Corella D, Estruch R, Fitó M, Arós F, W?rnberg J, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Vinyoles E, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Basora J, Salas-Salvadó J; PREDIMED study group.

14、Association of nut consumption with total and cause-specific mortality

Reviewed by Manish Bansal?

15、Nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.

Grosso G1, Yang J1, Marventano S1, Micek A1, Galvano F1, Kales SN1.

16、Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research.

Jurenka JS1.

17、Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa).

Chainani-Wu N1.

18、Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin.

Menon VP1, Sudheer AR.

19、Curcumin induces glutathione biosynthesis and inhibits NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells: mechanism of free radical scavenging activity.

Biswas SK1, McClure D, Jimenez LA, Megson IL, Rahman I.

20、Curcumin, inflammation, and chronic diseases: how are they linked?

He Y1, Yue Y2, Zheng X3,4, Zhang K5, Chen S6, Du Z7.

21、Curcumin, inflammation, ageing and age-related diseases.

Sikora E1, Scapagnini G, Barbagallo M.

22、Curcumin, inflammation, and chronic diseases: how are they linked?

He Y1, Yue Y2, Zheng X3,4, Zhang K5, Chen S6, Du Z7.

23、Curcumin extends life span, improves health span, and modulates the expression of age-associated aging genes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Lee KS1, Lee BS, Semnani S, Avanesian A, Um CY, Jeon HJ, Seong KM, Yu K, Min KJ, Jafari M.

24、The effects of tetrahydrocurcumin and green tea polyphenol on the survival of male C57BL/6 mice.

Kitani K1, Osawa T, Yokozawa T.

25、Curcumin-supplemented diets increase superoxide dismutase activity and mean lifespan in Drosophila.

Shen LR1, Xiao F, Yuan P, Chen Y, Gao QK, Parnell LD, Meydani M, Ordovas JM, Li D, Lai CQ.

26、Evaluation of Resveratrol, Green Tea Extract, Curcumin, Oxaloacetic Acid, and Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil on Life Span of Genetically Heterogeneous Mice

27、Curcumin, inflammation, ageing and age-related diseases.

Sikora E1, Scapagnini G, Barbagallo M.

28、Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project.

Knoops KT1, de Groot LC, Kromhout D, Perrin AE, Moreiras-Varela O, Menotti A, van Staveren WA.

29、Adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain).

Buckland G1, Agudo A, Travier N, Huerta JM, Cirera L, Tormo MJ, Navarro C, Chirlaque MD, Moreno-Iribas C, Ardanaz E, Barricarte A, Etxeberria J, Marin P,Quirós JR, Redondo ML, Larra?aga N, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Arriola L, Basterretxea M, Sanchez MJ, Molina E, González CA.

30、Ann Neurol. 2013 Oct;74(4):580-91. doi: 10.1002/ana.23944. Epub 2013 Sep 16.

Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis.

Psaltopoulou T1, Sergentanis TN, Panagiotakos DB, Sergentanis IN, Kosti R, Scarmeas N.

31、The role of Mediterranean type of diet on the development of cancer and cardiovascular disease, in the elderly: a systematic review.

Tyrovolas S1, Panagiotakos DB.

32、Longevity and diet. Myth or pragmatism?

Chrysohoou C1, Stefanadis C.

33、Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2.

Orlich MJ1, Singh PN, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Knutsen S, Beeson WL, Fraser GE.

34、Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Vegetarians: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Huang T.a, b · Yang B.a, b · Zheng J.a, b · Li G.a, b · Wahlqvist M.L.a–c · Li D.a, b 35、Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people.

Sinha R1, Cross AJ, Graubard BI, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A.

36、Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies.

Pan A1, Sun Q, Bernstein AM, Schulze MB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB.

37、A prospective study of dietary patterns and mortality in Chinese women.

Cai H1, Shu XO, Gao YT, Li H, Yang G, Zheng W.

38、Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Micha R1, Wallace SK, Mozaffarian D.

39、Meat consumption and mortality--results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

40-42、Even a low-dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity reduces mortality by 22% in adults aged ≥60?years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hupin D1, Roche F2, Gremeaux V3, Chatard JC4, Oriol M5, Gaspoz JM6, Barthélémy JC2, Edouard P4.

43、Domains of physical activity and all-cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Samitz G1, Egger M, Zwahlen M.

44、Smoking and all-cause mortality in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gellert C1, Sch?ttker B, Brenner H.

45、The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK

Kirstin Pirie,a,* Richard Peto,b Gillian K Reeves,a Jane Green,a Valerie Beral,a and for the Million Women Study Collaborators

46、Benefits of Smoking Cessation for Longevity

Donald H. Taylor, Jr, PhD, Vic Hasselblad, PhD, S. Jane Henley, MSPH, Michael J. Thun, MD, and Frank A. Sloan,

47、Alcohol and the heart: to abstain or not to abstain?

Movva R1, Figueredo VM.

48、Alcohol dosing and total mortality in men and women: an updated meta-analysis of 34 prospective studies.

Di Castelnuovo A1, Costanzo S, Bagnardi V, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G.

49、Alcoholic beverage preference, 29-year mortality, and quality of life in men in old age.

Strandberg TE1, Strandberg AY, Salomaa VV, Pitk?l? K, Tilvis RS, Miettinen TA.

50-51、Appendix 9. Alcohol

52-53、Positive affect measured using ecological momentary assessment and survival in older men and women.

54、Positive emotions in early life and longevity: findings from the nun study.

Danner DD1, Snowdon DA, Friesen WV.

55、Positive psychological well-being and mortality: a quantitative review of prospective observational studies.

Chida Y1, Steptoe A.

56、Anxiety predicted premature all-cause and cardiovascular death in a 10-year follow-up of middle-aged women.

Denollet J1, Maas K, Knottnerus A, Keyzer JJ, Pop VJ.

57、Prospective association between phobic anxiety and cardiac mortality in individuals with coronary heart disease

58、Perceived mental stress and mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk Sponsored by Monbusho (JACC Study).

Iso H1, Date C, Yamamoto A, Toyoshima H, Tanabe N, Kikuchi S, Kondo T, Watanabe Y, Wada Y, Ishibashi T, Suzuki H, Koizumi A, Inaba Y, Tamakoshi A,Ohno Y.

59-60、Chronic psychosocial stress predicts long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged men.

Ohlin B1, Nilsson PM, Nilsson JA, Berglund G.

61、Perceived stress and cause-specific mortality among men and women: results from a prospective cohort study.

Nielsen NR1, Kristensen TS, Schnohr P, Gr?nbaek M.

62、The effect of mirthful laughter on stress and natural killer cell activity.

Bennett MP1, Zeller JM, Rosenberg L, McCann J.

63、Neuroendocrine and stress hormone changes during mirthful laughter.

Berk LS1, Tan SA, Fry WF, Napier BJ, Lee JW, Hubbard RW, Lewis JE, Eby WC.

64、Prediction of all-cause mortality by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Optimism-Pessimism Scale scores: study of a college sample during a 40-year follow-up period.

Brummett BH1, Helms MJ, Dahlstrom WG, Siegler IC.

65、Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents.

Berkman LF, Syme SL.

66、Characteristics of socially isolated patients with coronary artery disease who are at elevated risk for mortality.

Brummett BH1, Barefoot JC, Siegler IC, Clapp-Channing NE, Lytle BL, Bosworth HB, Williams RB Jr, Mark DB.

67、Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents.

Berkman LF, Syme SL.

68、Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes.

Uchino BN1.

69、Social Relationships and Health: A Flashpoint for Health Policy

Debra Umberson1 and Jennifer Karas Montez1

70、Social and Emotional Support and its Implication for HealthMaija Reblin, MA and Bert N. Uchino, PhD

71、Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular diseases.

Everson-Rose SA1, Lewis TT.

72、Marital biography and health at mid-life.

Hughes ME1, Waite LJ.

73-74、Gender, social support, and cardiovascular responses to stress.

Glynn LM1, Christenfeld N, Gerin W.

75、Providing social support may be more beneficial than receiving it: results from a prospective study of mortality.

Brown SL1, Nesse RM, Vinokur AD, Smith DM.

76、Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

Kern ML1, Friedman HS.

77、Conscientiousness and Longevity: An Examination of Possible Mediators

Patrick L. Hill, Nicholas A. Turiano, Michael D. Hurd, Daniel K. Mroczek, and Brent W. Roberts

78、Health status and the five-factor personality traits in a nationally representative sample.

Goodwin RD1, Friedman HS.

79、Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: a meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality.

Bogg T1, Roberts BW.

80、Personality and coping.

Carver CS1, Connor-Smith J.

81、Conscientiousness, Career Success, and Longevity: A Lifespan Analysis

82、Green tea, black tea and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Sun CL1, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Yu MC.

83、84、The relationship between green tea and total caffeine intake and risk for self-reported type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults.

Iso H1, Date C, Wakai K, Fukui M, Tamakoshi A; JACC Study Group.

85、Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Huxley R1, Lee CM, Barzi F, Timmermeister L, Czernichow S, Perkovic V, Grobbee DE, Batty D, Woodward M.

86-87、Coffee and tea consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes

88-89、Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intakes and risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective study.

Sinha R1, Cross AJ, Daniel CR, Graubard BI, Wu JW, Hollenbeck AR, Gunter MJ, Park Y, Freedman ND.

90、Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

91、Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Santos C1, Costa J, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A, Lunet N.

92、Caffeine intake and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Santos C1, Costa J, Santos J, Vaz-Carneiro A, Lunet N.

93、The relationship of coffee consumption with mortality.

Lopez-Garcia E1, van Dam RM, Li TY, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Hu FB.

94、Coffee consumption and risk of total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes

95、Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: the Ohsaki study.

Kuriyama S1, Shimazu T, Ohmori K, Kikuchi N, Nakaya N, Nishino Y, Tsubono Y, Tsuji I.

96、The relationship of coffee consumption with mortality.

97、Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and tea intakes and risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective study.

98、Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

99、onscientiousness and health-related behaviors: a meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality.

100、Health status and the five-factor personality traits in a nationally representative sample.

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