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      小學(xué)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn):倒裝句

       世界很大不想轉(zhuǎn) 2021-03-11

        倒裝句:

        為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等語(yǔ)用目的而顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的句式叫做倒裝句。

        在英語(yǔ)中,我們把主語(yǔ)在前謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后的句子叫陳述句,把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面的句子叫倒裝句。

        完全倒裝和部分倒裝:

        如果全部謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前,叫完全倒裝;

        如果只把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前就叫部分倒裝。

        A、完全倒裝

        a. 用于there be句型。 例:

        There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有幾位學(xué)生。

        There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室的前面有一棵大樹(shù)。

        b. 用于“here(there, now, then)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的句型中,或以 in,out,up,down,away 等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里,以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。 例:

        Here comes the bus. 汽車來(lái)了。

        There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

        Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。

        Out went the children. 孩子們出去了。

        注意:

        a.主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不能倒裝。

        b.here,there 放在句首通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例:

        Here it is. 給你。(你要的東西在這兒。)

        Here he comes. 他來(lái)了。

        c.用于so,neither,nor開(kāi)頭的句子,表示重復(fù)前句的部分內(nèi)容。原句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與前句的謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)、形式相一致。

        He has been to Canada. So have I. 他去過(guò)加拿大,我也去過(guò)。

        You can't speak French. Neither can she. 你不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ),她也不會(huì)。

        表示前面所述的情況也適合于后面一個(gè)人或事物,通常在so后用倒裝句式(部分倒裝用一般問(wèn)句的形式):

        He likes English. So do I. 他喜歡英語(yǔ),我也一樣。

        He was ill and so were his parents. 他病了,他父母也病了。

        但是如果前面所述情況為否定式,則用neither,nor引出倒裝句(此時(shí)不能用so):

        He couldn’t do it, and neither could she. 他做不了,她也做不了。

        He never comes late. Nor do I. 他從不遲到,我也從不遲到。

        后一句子若只是重復(fù)前句的意思,起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,so后面不用倒裝句式:

        —He has done a good job. 他干得不錯(cuò)。

        —So he has. 他的確干得不錯(cuò)。

        B、部分倒裝。(小學(xué)階段出現(xiàn)情況較少,在此不作進(jìn)一步解釋)

        倒裝句使用情況:

        1. 在以here,there,up,in,out,away,off等表示方位的副詞開(kāi)頭的句子里, 主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),句子要用倒裝,以示強(qiáng)調(diào);但主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),主謂不倒裝。如:

        Away flew the birds.

        Out rushed the children.

        There goes the bell.

        2. 以only修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句(自身不倒裝)位于句首時(shí),常用倒裝句。如:

        Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to go to school.

        Only in a big city was it possible for him to buy a wheelchair.

        Only after I read the text over again did I know its main idea..

        3. 在so(肯定句),neither和nor(否定句)引起的句子中, 表示上文所講的某種情況“也”適合于下文的另一人物時(shí), 用倒裝。如:

        Lucy likes China. So does Lily.

        Tom doesn’t like bananas. Neither/Nor do I.

        【注意】如果so不是表示“也”的意思,而是表示“的確”、“果真如此”時(shí),即使它位于句子開(kāi)頭也不用倒裝的形式;

        另外,如果在講前面的某種情況時(shí)既含有動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞又含有be動(dòng)詞,(或者前面所講的情況既有肯定又有否定或者兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)既有人又有物),再講后面的另一人物“也”是這樣時(shí),要用so的特殊句型, 但還是用正常語(yǔ)序。如:

        John won first prize in the contest. So he did.

        She is a good girl and she likes English very much. So it is with Han Mei.

        Lucy is an American, she doesn’t like Chinese tea. So it is with Lily.

        4. 在so…that(如此…以至于)句型中,如果so連同狀語(yǔ)一起位于句首時(shí),也用倒裝形式。如:

        So tired was he after a long journey that he couldn’t stay up.

        5. 在as以引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以后的部分倒裝(提到as之前)。如:

        Young(Child)as he is,he knows a lot about computer.

        【注意】在as引導(dǎo)的這種倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,被倒裝的部分一般分為三種:

        表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞原形。如果表語(yǔ)是不帶定語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前邊的a(an)要省去;

        被倒裝的動(dòng)詞原形常與may、might、will、would等詞連用,而這些詞都要保留在原來(lái)的位置上。

        此外,這個(gè)倒裝在句首的動(dòng)詞原形不能是連系動(dòng)詞(若是連系動(dòng)詞,倒裝的部分是表語(yǔ)),一般多為不及物動(dòng)詞。再看另外的兩個(gè)例句:

        Much as I hate him, I will not kill him.

        Try as he might, Tom could not find a job.

        6. 表示否定意義的副詞或連詞位于句首時(shí),要用倒裝。常見(jiàn)的這類詞語(yǔ)有:

        not、never、seldom、rarely、hardly、by no means、in no time、little等。如:

        Never shall I forget the day.

        Little did I know when I took the trip where it would lead me.

        By no means shall we understand you.

        7. 省略if的倒裝

        在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were、had或should等時(shí),可以將if省掉,把這些詞語(yǔ)移到主語(yǔ)之前。如:

        Were I you(=If I were you), I would do thework better.

        Had they time (=If they had time) ,they should certainly come and help us.

        Should there be a flood (=If there should be a flood), what should we do?

        8. such表示“這樣的人/事”時(shí), (系動(dòng)詞往往是be動(dòng)詞),當(dāng)such位于句首時(shí),就要用倒裝。如:Such would be our home in the future.

        Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.

        9. 幾個(gè)否定關(guān)聯(lián)詞組連接的兩并列分句

        ①. not only…but(also)…連接的分句前倒后正。如:Not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowed.

        ②. no sooner... than;hardly…when…; scarcely…when (before)…等連接的分句前倒后正。如:

        No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.

        Hardly had we got to the bus stop when the bus arrived.

       ?、? not until…連接的分句前正后倒。如:

        Not until Mr. Smith came to China did he know what kind of a country she is.

        Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

        ④. neither…nor…連接的分句前后都倒,并且每個(gè)分句一般都是部分倒裝。

        用于部分倒裝的情況:

        1.表示否定意義或半否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的有seldom,never,hardly,no not,little 等。

        2.由 only,not until 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。

        3.no sooner…than, hardly…when等結(jié)構(gòu)中,no sooner 和hardly 置于句首時(shí)主語(yǔ)用部分倒裝。

        4.在so/such…that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中,so/such引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時(shí)主句用倒裝。

        5. “so/neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”so與前面的肯定句呼應(yīng),nor, neither 與后面的否定句呼應(yīng)。其中的動(dòng)詞形式取決于前一句的動(dòng)詞。表示前者的情況也適用于后者或一者具備兩種情況。

        6.省略if的虛擬條件句以had/were/should 開(kāi)頭引起的倒裝。

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