 Write an Abstract 如何寫英文摘要  春暖花開，又到了寫論文的季節(jié)。沒有時間踏青？還在為論文苦惱？本期我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下如何寫英文摘要吧！ 在這個春天，我們一起做燦爛的學(xué)術(shù)宅 An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or entire thesis. 摘要是以提供文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容梗概為目的，不加評論和補(bǔ)充解釋，簡明、確切地記述文獻(xiàn)重要內(nèi)容的短文。 Selection: Abstracts allow readers who may be interested in the paper to quickly decide whether it is relevant to their purposes and whether they need to read the whole paper. Indexing: Most academic journal databases accessed through the library enable you to search abstracts. This allows for quick retrieval by users. Abstracts must incorporate the key terms that a potential researcher would use to search. 允許讀者進(jìn)行快速篩選，檢索，通過題目，關(guān)鍵詞等方法判斷他們是否需要閱讀整篇文章。 Reasons for Writing The importance of the research and why would readers be interested in this large work? 首先，摘要中應(yīng)該包含本篇論文的重要性，言簡意賅闡述清楚寫作目的。 Problems What problem does this work attempt to solve? What is the scope of the project? What is the main argument, thesis or claim? 本篇文章要解決什么問題，范圍是什么，主要論述的觀點和主題是什么？ Methodology An abstract of a scientific work may include specific models or approaches used in the larger study. Other abstracts ma describe the types of evidence used in the research. 方法論是研究中非常重要的一部分，在摘要中也應(yīng)著重體現(xiàn)出來。在摘要部分需要說明研究所用到的具體研究方法或理論模型。 Results An abstract of a scientific work may include specific data that indicates the results of the project. Other abstracts may discuss the findings in a more general way. 研究結(jié)果中的具體數(shù)據(jù)，或者是關(guān)于結(jié)果的討論也需要簡明扼要的以學(xué)術(shù)語言呈現(xiàn)在摘要當(dāng)中。 Implications How does this work add to the body of knowledge on the topic? Are there any practical or theoretical applications from your findings or implications for future research? 這項研究對相關(guān)的理論或者實踐應(yīng)用有哪些指導(dǎo)作用或推廣意義？對未來的研究有哪些影響。 As your abstract is an important way to promote your work it is worth taking time to write it well. You will likely have to revise several drafts to produce a precise, concise outline of your paper which is clear, complete, includes key search terms and fits within the word limit. 文獻(xiàn)摘要是展現(xiàn)整篇論文的第一印象，所以這一部分是非常值得大家花時間去寫好的一部分。簡明扼要，清晰完整，在字?jǐn)?shù)限制內(nèi)有條理的呈現(xiàn)每一個部分。運用學(xué)術(shù)英語的語言進(jìn)行初稿，潤色，校準(zhǔn)，最后呈現(xiàn)出一段完美的英文摘要。 AbstractObjective To investigate whether greater cardiovascular fitness in midlife is associated with decreased dementia risk in women followed up for 44 years. Methods A population-based sample of 1,462 women 38 to 60 years of age was examined in 1968. Of these, a systematic subsample comprising 191 women completed a stepwise-increased maximal ergometer cycling test to evaluate cardiovascular fitness. Subsequent examinations of dementia incidence were done in 1974, 1980, 1992, 2000, 2005, and 2009. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria on the basis of information from neuropsychiatric examinations, informant interviews, hospital records, and registry data up to 2012. Cox regressions were performed with adjustment for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical confounders. Results Compared with medium fitness, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause dementia during the 44-year follow-up was 0.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03–0.54) among those with high fitness and 1.41 (95% CI 0.72–2.79) among those with low fitness. High fitness delayed age at dementia onset by 9.5 years and time to dementia onset by 5 years compared to medium fitness. Conclusions Among Swedish women, a high cardiovascular fitness in midlife was associated with a decreased risk of subsequent dementia. Promotion of a high cardiovascular fitness may be included in strategies to mitigate or prevent dementia. Findings are not causal, and future research needs to focus on whether improved fitness could have positive effects on dementia risk and when during the life course a high cardiovascular fitness is most important. Sample來源： |
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來自： 護(hù)理的原力世界 > 《待分類》
