各位朋友： 大家好！

歡迎來到世界文化遺產(chǎn)永順老司城參觀游覽，老司城是土司制度的物化載體，是中國古代民族區(qū)域自治制

度發(fā)展的活標本。于 2001 年被公布為第五批全國重點文物保護單位。2015 年永順老司城遺址與湖北恩施唐崖土司城遺址、貴州遵義海龍囤土司遺址聯(lián)合代表的中國土司遺產(chǎn)被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。2016 年 5 月 1 日，老司城遺址作為風景區(qū)正式對外開放。2016 年 12 月，老司城景區(qū)列為國家 AAAA 級旅游景區(qū)。

老司城位于永順縣城以東 19.5 公里的靈溪河畔，地處猛洞河漂流景區(qū)上游，隸屬永順縣靈溪鎮(zhèn)司城村。

公元 1135 年，彭氏第十一世繼承人彭福石在此修筑城池，其后繁榮昌盛達 600 余年之久。親愛的各位朋友， 您可能會問老司城周圍既沒有開闊的河谷也沒有礦產(chǎn)或可耕之地，當初為何要選擇這樣一個閉塞、偏僻、貧瘠之地建成呢？據(jù)專家考證，老司城雖然沒有外城墻，但其以山為障、以水為池，已經(jīng)構成了堅固的防

御。在通往老司城的各個山道隘口還設有“八關、一口、一界”防御著來自四面八方的危險。由此可見， 老司城選址在這里其主要的目的是在于軍事上的防御。老司城遺址分布在靈溪河東側排地上，大致呈南北走向，遺址總面積約 25 平方公里，可分為貴族生活區(qū)、衙署區(qū)、街巷區(qū)、墓葬區(qū)、宗教區(qū)和菀墅區(qū)。

首先進入的是貴族生活區(qū)，貴族生活區(qū)位于老司城遺址北部，呈橢圓形，周長為 400 米左右。從東西北三面保存完好的城墻可以看出當年土司工程的恢弘氣勢，分為金鑾殿、太極宮、壽宮、娛樂宮、丞相府等。

土司王處理政務的是金鑾殿，金鑾殿位于直達午門前的平臺,平臺為八步寬。午門為第一進，金鑾殿沒有大門，是全敞開的，五個大門都和午門同等的寬度和高度。金鑾殿基礎寬為九丈六尺，凈身為三十丈， 坐東北朝西南，屬艮坤向。大家可以看到金鑾殿內(nèi)的裝飾除木雕、石雕、浮雕花磚外，還有金、銀、銅等金屬裝，殿內(nèi)金碧輝煌。

接著我們一起走進衙署區(qū)，衙署區(qū)位于貴族生活區(qū)南側，東北高，西南低，周長 400 余米，面積近九千平方米。建于衙署區(qū)的第五層臺階上的彭氏宗祠是供奉歷代土司的神圣之地，祠內(nèi)有土司塑像供后人祭拜。宗祠建于明而重修于清，是單檐懸山式建筑。門中這對碩大的石鼓每只重五千斤以上，傳說是土家英雄魯里八嘎和克東盲人徒手從千里之外運來的。

老司城原來街巷密布，縱橫相通，相傳有八街九巷的格局，由于城內(nèi)建筑變遷以及自然破壞，現(xiàn)在尚有五街仍在使用，街巷全部由紅褐色卵石砌（qie）砌（qi）路面。鋪砌有菱形、三角形和直線組成的幾何圖案，整齊勻稱，古樸雅致，頗具民族特色。大家腳下的這條街是正街，南北走向，是老司城土司時期的主要街道。正街的保存非常完好，現(xiàn)在仍然是村民出入的主要道路。

這兒是老司城的墓葬區(qū)，紫金山墓地在老司城東南郊，是明代永順彭氏土司的家族墓地，墓地面積約一萬平方米，現(xiàn)已探明土司及眷屬墓葬共三十八座。目前所確認的土司墓有彭世麒、彭宗舜、彭翼南墓等。在考古發(fā)掘中著名土司王彭翼南的墓志銘得以重見天日，墓志銘詳細記載了，他率領士兵抗擊倭寇為國浴血奮戰(zhàn)的英雄事跡。

老司城南部有一片神圣的區(qū)域，這里的土司時期的宗教區(qū)。眼前的祖師殿是湘西保存最完好的古代建筑，也是湘西的一處道教圣地，為土司時期重要的祭祀和宗教場所。遇重大節(jié)慶和外出征戰(zhàn)都要來此殿擇定良日和祭祀以保平安。祖師殿建筑群中軸線自西向東依次為祖師殿、皇經(jīng)臺、過亭、玉皇閣，為雙檐歇山頂木結構建筑，以 34 根楠木大柱支撐屋頂。大家看，這兒砌有神龕一座，上面供奉祖師神像，殿宇斗拱雄偉古樸，梁架結構，頗為特殊，是土家族地區(qū)頗具民族特色的建筑。祖師殿雖不如紫禁城皇宮大殿那般金碧輝煌，但是楠木大柱遇雨散發(fā)的屢屢幽香，倒也讓人感覺十分別致。

好了，各位朋友，老司城景區(qū)的講解就到此結束了。今天的老司城以殘垣斷壁所呈現(xiàn)出的真實性、完整性和唯一性震撼了全世界，希望大家下次再次光臨老司城！謝謝大家！

Laosi City

Hello everyone!

Welcome to the World Cultural Heritage Site of Yongshun Laosi City for sightseeing. Laosi City is the materialized carrier of the tusi system and the ancient ethnic regional autonomy system in China

A living specimen of development. It was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 2001. In 2015, the Yongshun Laosi City Site, together with the Tang Ya Tusi City Site in Enshi, Hubei, and the Hailongdun Tusi Site in Zunyi, Guizhou, jointly represented the Chinese Tusi Heritage Site, was included in the World Cultural Heritage List. On May 1, 2016, the Old City Site was officially opened to the public as a scenic area. In December 2016, Laosicheng Scenic Area was listed as a national AAAA level tourist attraction.

Laosicheng is located on the banks of the Lingxi River, 19.5 kilometers east of Yongshun County. It is situated upstream of the Mengdong River Drifting Scenic Area and is under the jurisdiction of Sicheng Village, Lingxi Town, Yongshun County.

In 1135 AD, Peng Fushi, the eleventh heir of the Peng family, built a city here and flourished for over 600 years. Dear friends, you may ask why we chose to build on such a closed, remote, and barren land when there are no open river valleys, minerals, or arable land around Laosi City? According to expert research, although Laosi City does not have an outer city wall, it has formed a strong defense with mountains as barriers and water as pools

Yu. At various mountain passes leading to Laosi City, there are also "eight passes, one entrance, and one boundary" to defend against dangers from all directions. It can be seen that the main purpose of selecting the location of Laosi City here is for military defense. The Laosicheng Site is located on the east side of the Lingxi River, roughly in a north-south direction, with a total area of about 25 square kilometers. It can be divided into noble living areas, government offices, streets and alleys, burial areas, religious areas, and Wanshu areas.

The first one to enter is the aristocratic living area, which is located in the northern part of the Old City ruins, forming an oval shape with a circumference of about 400 meters. The well preserved city walls on the east, west, and north sides show the grandeur of the Tusi project, which was divided into the Jin Luan Palace, Tai Chi Palace, Shou Palace, Entertainment Palace, Prime Minister's Mansion, and so on.

The chieftain king handles government affairs at the Jin Luan Hall, which is located on a platform that leads directly to the Meridian Gate. The platform is eight steps wide. The Meridian Gate is the first entrance, and the Golden Luan Hall does not have a main gate, but is fully open. The five main gates are of the same width and height as the Meridian Gate. The foundation of Jinluan Hall is nine zhang and six feet wide, with a net body of thirty zhang. It faces northeast and southwest, belonging to the Genkun direction. You can see that in addition to wood carvings, stone carvings, and relief tiles, the decoration inside the Jinluan Hall also includes metal decorations such as gold, silver, and copper, making the hall magnificent and magnificent.

Next, we walked into the yama district together. The yama district is located on the south side of the aristocratic living area, high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with a circumference of over 400 meters and an area of nearly 9000 square meters. The Peng Clan Ancestral Hall, built on the fifth floor of the yamen district, is a sacred place for worshipping chieftains of all dynasties. Inside the temple, there are statues of chieftains for future generations to worship. The ancestral temple was built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated in the Qing Dynasty. It is a single eaved mountain style building. The pair of huge stone drums in the door weigh over 5000 pounds each, and it is said that they were brought by Tujia heroes Luli Baga and Kedong blind people from thousands of miles away by hand.

Old Si City used to have densely packed streets and alleys that were interconnected, with a layout of eight streets and nine alleys according to legend. Due to changes in the city's architecture and natural damage, there are still five streets still in use, all of which are paved with red brown pebbles. Paved with geometric patterns composed of diamonds, triangles, and straight lines, neat and symmetrical, quaint and elegant, with a strong ethnic characteristic. The street under everyone's feet is the main street, running north-south, which was the main street during the Tusi period in Old Sicheng. The main street is well preserved and still serves as the main road for villagers to enter and exit.

This is the burial area of Laosi City. The Zijinshan Cemetery is located in the southeast suburbs of Laosi City and is the family cemetery of the Peng family chieftain of Yongshun in the Ming Dynasty. The cemetery covers an area of about 10000 square meters, and a total of 38 tombs of the chieftain and his family have been discovered. The confirmed chieftain tombs currently include the tombs of Peng Shiqi, Peng Zongshun, and Peng Yinan. In archaeological excavations, the epitaph of the famous chieftain, Peng Yinan, was brought back to light. The epitaph provides detailed records of his heroic deeds in leading soldiers to fight against Japanese pirates and fight for the country.

There is a sacred area in the southern part of Laosi City, which was a religious district during the Tusi period. The Ancestral Master Hall in front of us is the most well preserved ancient architecture in Xiangxi, and also a Taoist holy site in Xiangxi. It was an important sacrificial and religious site during the Tusi period. When encountering major festivals and going out for battles, one should come to this hall to choose a good day and offer sacrifices to ensure safety. The central axis of the Zu Shi Dian architectural complex is from west to east, with Zu Shi Dian, Huang Jing Tai, Guo Ting, and Yu Huang Ge in sequence. It is a double eaved gable roof wooden structure building supported by 34 large pillars of nanmu. Look, there is a shrine built here, on which the statue of the founder is worshipped. The hall arch of wooden architecture is magnificent and simple, with a beam frame structure, which is quite special. It is a building with national characteristics in the Tujia area. Although the Ancestral Master Hall is not as magnificent as the main hall of the Forbidden City Palace, the repeated fragrance emitted by the Nanmu pillars in the rain also makes people feel very unique.

Alright, friends, that concludes the explanation of the Old Sicheng Scenic Area. Today, the authenticity, completeness, and uniqueness presented by the ruins of Laosi City have shocked the world. We hope everyone can visit Laosi City again next time! Thank you all!